This study investigates the effectiveness of deep soil mixing (DSM) in enhancing the strength and modulus of organic soils. The research evaluates how varying cement types, binder dosages, water-to-cement (w/c) ratios, and curing durations affect the mechanical properties of two different organic soils that were used; natural soil from the Golden Horn region of Istanbul with 12.4% organic content, and an artificial soil created from a 50/50 mixture of Kaolin clay and Leonardite, which has an acidic pH due to high organic content. The specimens were cured for four durations, ranging from seven days to one year. The testing program included mechanical testing; Unconfined Compression Tests (UCS), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) measurements, and chemical analyses; XRay Fluorescence (XRF) and Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The UCS tests indicated that higher binder dosages and extended curing durations significantly improved the strength. Higher w/c ratios resulted in decreased strength. Long curing durations resulted in strength values which were four times the 28-day strength values. This amplified effect of strength gain in longer durations was evaluated through Curing time effect index, (fc). The results were presented in terms of cement dosage effect, effect of cement type, effect of total water/cement ratio (wt/c), standard deviation values, E50 values and curing time effect index (fc) values respectively. Results of UPV tests were used to develop correlations between strength and ultrasonic pulse velocities. Quantitative evaluations were made using the results of XRF and TGA analyses and strength. Significant amount of data was produced both in terms of mechanical of chemical analyses.

Sensitive marine clays (SMCs) often pose considerable problems in the construction of embankments for transportation structures. In this study, extensive mechanical, microstructural, and monitoring experiments were carried out to evaluate the evolution of mechanical properties of SMCs stabilized via Deep Mixing Method. The results indicate that unconfined compressive strength and secant modulus increase with curing time. A significant improvement in mechanical properties is observed at early ages. Higher binder contents produce higher mechanical properties after same curing period. However, excess binder content does not provide significant improvement effects. The addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) results in higher mechanical properties after long-term curing, and the enhancing degree is more evident with a higher proportion of GGBFS. But the situations are reversed at young age due to the retarding effect of GGBFS. These observations are also supported by results of physical properties, mercury instruction porosimetry, suction monitoring, and X-ray diffraction analyses. In addition, predictive models are established based on elastic-plastic theory and binder hydration model. The developed models are implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics and validated against experimental results. A good agreement is observed between experimental and predicted results which confirms the ability of developed models to predict the mechanical characteristics.