Centrifuge-based physical modeling is widely adopted for understanding the performance of geostructures, like reinforced slopes, clay liners of municipal solid waste landfills, geogrid-reinforced soil walls, earthen dams, soil nailed slopes, etc. This study aims to highlight the benefits of centrifuge-based physical modeling in order to comprehend the performance of different geostructures both prior to and during failure. Firstly, a discussion is made on scaling considerations along with modeling aspects of various types of phenomena like rainfall, flooding, etc. Further, details of four types of balanced/beam centrifuge equipment used for understanding the behavior of various types of geostructures at high gravity conditions, along with errors due to radial acceleration field, are also presented. In the process, innovative development of cost-effective actuators for simulating: (1) continuous differential settlements of landfill lining systems, (2) seepage of water through a slope, (3) seepage-induced flooding, (4) dynamic compaction, (5) rainfall-induced seepage, and (6) pseudo-static seismic loading along with flooding-induced seepage has been done. Different types of instrumentation units like potentiometers (P), linearly variable differential transformers, pore-water pressure transducers, load cells, accelerometers, strain gauges, etc., along with wireless data acquisition systems were used for monitoring the performance of the models during centrifuge tests. Additionally, the use of particle image velocimetry, digital image analysis, and the digital-cross correlation technique to evaluate the performance of several models evaluated at high gravity is covered. Lastly, it has been sufficiently shown that using digital image analysis/digital image correlation approaches in conjunction with centrifuge-based physical modeling analysis is a useful study tool. Insights gained in understanding the behavior of geostructures in a geotechnical centrifuge, especially subjected to climatic events like rainfall, flooding, and earthquakes, are highly significant and help in designing and constructing geostructures with confidence to engineers.

来源平台：INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL