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DOI: 10.18474/JES23-104 Abstract Systena frontalis (F.) is an insect pest of nursery production systems in the Midwest, Southeast, and Northeast regions of the United States. Adults feed on plant leaves and can reduce salability of container-grown nursery plants. Limited management options are available to protect plants from S. frontalis adult feeding damage. Insecticide spray applications to plant leaves are labor-intensive and not cost-efficient. Systemic insecticide applications to the growing medium may protect plants from S. frontalis adult feeding. In 2023, we conducted two laboratory and two greenhouse experiments to assess the residual activity of the systemic insecticides dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, and acephate against field-collected populations of S. frontalis adults. In the laboratory experiments, growing medium containing Itea virginica L. 'Little Henry' plants were treated with these three systemic insecticides. Twenty-five and 45 d after treatments were applied, leaves were collected and placed into petri dishes with a single S. frontalis adult. In the greenhouse experiments, Itea plants were placed into plastic observation cages. Eight S. frontalis adults were released into each cage with a single Itea plant. In the laboratory experiments 25 and 45 d after application of dinotefuran and thiamethoxam, the S. frontalis adults in the dishes with treated leaves had 66-90% mortality after 72 h. In the greenhouse experiments, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam protected Itea plants from S. frontalis adult feeding 45 d after application; 2.4 and 2.8 mm2 of leaf area were fed upon by S. frontalis adults. These results indicate that systemic insecticides can reduce feeding damage by S. frontalis adults on container-grown nursery plants.

期刊论文 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.18474/JES23-104 ISSN: 0749-8004

The objective of this study is to explore the novel use of natural polymers like Humic acid, Lignin, and Lignite based hydrogels for the formulation of pesticides and fertilizers that would reduce the residues in soil and run-off water that pose a threat to human health and the environment. We synthesized hydrogels by grafting Humic acid, lignin, and lignite onto acrylic acid with N ' N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) for the ex-situ encapsulation of thiamethoxam, a common pesticide. Various characterization techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Carbon-13 Solid-state Cross-Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Rheology were employed. The release kinetics of thiamethoxam in water from the developed formulations were analyzed using the Korsmeyer- Peppas model and the Weibull model. Humic acid and lignin-based hydrogels exhibited a long-sustained release for 49 hours, followed by lignite-based hydrogels (38 hours). According to ANOVA results, the change of biopolymer proved to be an effective factor in reducing the water evaporation rate, which decreased from 99 % to 72.85 % in the soil amended with synthesized hydrogels. In conclusion, the novel formulations of humic acid, lignin, and lignite exhibit potential as slow-release vehicles for pesticides and fertilizers. This study provides valuable insights for the research community, addressing the need to develop effective strategies for mitigating pesticide residues in soil and water bodies. Humic acid, lignin, and lignite grafted poly(sodium acrylate) hydrogels have been synthesized and characterized by 13C CPMAS NMR, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and Rheology. The release kinetics of thiamethoxam is studied using the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Weibull models. This study will reduce the environmental influences of pesticide runoff into the water and bring humic acids, and lignite out of the traditional soil context by applying them in modern fields along with lignin. image

期刊论文 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202304939 ISSN: 2365-6549
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