A complete road-soft ground model is established in this paper to study the dynamic responses caused by vehicle loads and/or daily temperature variation. A dynamic thermo-elastic model is applied to capturing the behavior of the rigid pavement, the base course, and the subgrade, while the soft ground is characterized using a dynamic thermo-poroelastic model. Solutions to the road-soft ground system are derived in the Laplace-Hankel transform domain. The time domain solutions are obtained using an integration approach. The temperature, thermal stress, pore water pressure, and displacement responses caused by the vehicle load and the daily temperature variation are presented. Results show that obvious temperature change mainly exists within 0.3 m of the road when subjected to the daily temperature variation, whereas the stress responses can still be found in deeper places because of the thermal swelling/shrinkage deformation within the upper road structures. Moreover, it is important to consider the coupling effects of the vehicle load and the daily temperature variation when calculating the dynamic responses inside the road-soft ground system. (c) 2024 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Climate change effects, such as melting of glaciers and sea ice in response to rising temperatures, may lead to an increase in global water availability and thus in precipitation. In Central Yakutia, as one of the possible options for climate change, an increase in rainfall is possible, which makes up more than 60% of the annual precipitation. Rainfall is a highly variable meteorological parameter both spatially and temporally. In order to assess its effect on the ground temperature regime in Central Yakutia, we conducted manipulation and numerical experiments with increased rainfall. The manipulation experiment results suggest that a significant (three-fold) increase in rainfall can lower the mean annual ground temperatures locally. The long-term simulation predicts that a 50% increase in rainfall would have a warming effect on the ground thermal regime on a regional scale. For Central Yakutia, infiltration of increased precipitation has been shown to have both warming and cooling effect depending on the area affected.

The permanent shaded regions (PSRs) at the lunar poles receive no direct solar illumination throughout the year, so their temperatures are extremely low. The PSR is mainly heated by the radiation heat flow and the scattered solar radiation from the sunlit crater wall. The temperature distribution in the PSR and its diurnal and seasonal variations have been calculated using the ray-tracing method, which determines the radiation heat flow and the scattered solar radiation. In this article, the radiation heat flows were calculated by anisotropic emissivity of the PSR, and the scattered solar radiation was calculated using the lunar Lambert model. To conform to the Diviner IR temperature data, the 1-D heat conduction equation was solved with modified heat conductivity (an important parameter of the regolith media). As an example, the daytime and nighttime temperatures in the Hermite-A crater at the North Pole during summer and winter were numerically simulated and were compared with the Diviner IR data. In addition, rocks near the central peak of the crater in the PSR may enhance the nighttime temperature. This was validated by the PSR images captured by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), the Miniature Radio Frequency instrument data on the LRO, and the numerical simulations.