Localized soil subsidence can cause pipeline failures, yet relevant studies remain limited. This research uses 1 g scaling tests to explore granular soil behavior over a subsiding area with a crossing pipeline, employing Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and pressure sensors beneath trapdoors. Results reveal various failure mechanisms impacting load on pipelines, especially due to water-drop-shaped slip surfaces above the pipeline. The long side of the rectangular subsidence zone exhibited stronger load transfer compared to the short side. Neglecting the three-dimensional soil arching effect risks underestimating the pipeline load, particularly when the pipeline axis aligns with the long side of the subsidence. Greater distances between the subsidence zone and pipeline improve protection, though very close proximity can also be beneficial. The study suggests that inducing controlled soil failure above the pipeline may help reduce additional load, providing insights into mitigating pipeline damage from subsidence.

The research is subject to the studies of Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk (PVR) that are developed in Cuba and as a fundamental objective: to evaluate the structural vulnerability to soil subsidence due to the collapse of cavern in the municipality of Sierra de Cubitas, Camag & uuml;ey province. The theoretical foundation and assessment in the study area based on the proposed calculation; the concept of structural vulnerability contributed to soil subsidence due to cavern collapses and new tools for analysis and better confrontation with the danger of natural origin geological. It establishes priorities and incorporates integrative measures for the preventive stage in the future economic plans and plans, the contribution to decision making in the different stages of the construction process. From the results obtained; the plans of the entities and defense zones are updated so as to establish early warning systems in view of the damage that can be caused to the built heritage and the need to know the phenomenon for works to be projected; preservation of the quality of groundwater resources; management for risk reduction at the local level; the training, dissemination and sensitization of the population to raise the perception of risk and serve as a reference for another research. The proposal is assessed based on expert judgment, indicating its relevance in the assessment of structural vulnerability and the prevention or mitigation of natural events.