The recent combination of significantly reduced launch costs and the confirmed presence of water ice on the Moon presents new opportunities for lunar construction beyond the constraints of traditional In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU). This study investigates an alternative approach that incorporates Earth-supplied cement with lunar-derived resources to manufacture concrete directly on the lunar surface. In this concept, cement is transported from Earth, while lunar rocks are processed into aggregate and water ice is electrolyzed to provide the water and atmosphere necessary for concrete mixing. The resulting precast blocks are assembled into modular arch structures and covered with regolith for thermal and radiation protection. A comparative cost analysis shows that if launch costs fall from current levels (approximately US $1,410/kg) to projected levels under systems like Starship (US $10/kg), transportation costs for materials and equipment to build a habitat for two could drop from around US $138.6 million to just US $0.98 million. This roughly 99% reduction implies that conventional concrete-based construction may become economically viable for early lunar infrastructure. However, further research is needed in key areas such as performance of concrete structure under vacuum condition, in-situ water extraction efficiency, and optimization of regolith covering design.

In building structures, exterior basement walls should resist the soil pressure type earthquake load transmitted by the ground. Thus, the structural performance of the exterior basement walls is affected by in-plane seismic performance as well as out-of-plane load resistance. In the present study, for better constructability and costeffectiveness of the exterior basement walls, conventional reinforced concrete walls were replaced with precast hollow core slab (HCS) panels. To investigate the in-plane earthquake load resistance of HCS for exterior basement walls, cyclic lateral loading test and numerical analysis were performed on four HCS panels with inplane double curvature. The test and analysis results showed that the structural behavior of the HCS panels was significantly affected by the panel layout. In the test specimens using a single panel, flexural compression failure occurred at the bottom of the panel, and shear friction damage occurred at the upper and lower parts of the panel. In the test specimens using double panels, failure mode was governed by direct shear. The loadcarrying capacity of the test specimens using double panels was greater than two times that of the test specimens using a single panel, because the load transfer changed from flexure into direct shear in the wall specimens using double panels. Further, to use HCS panels for exterior basement walls, a design method for prediction of inplane seismic performance and yield displacement of HCS panels was proposed.