Composite materials with different contents of silicon-modified pineapple leaf fiber (PALF), calcined oyster shell powder (OSP), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were successfully prepared. Moreover, the flexural performance of the composite materials containing calcined oxazoline (OSP) was obviously enhanced. The addition of silicon-modified PALF contributed to the improvement of the material's thermal stability and affected its water absorption performance. Significant degradation differences were observed in PALF composite materials modified with glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (Glymo) and PBS when adding calcined OSP. Formulations containing calcined OSP and epoxy-type silicon-modified PALF showed better adhesion to the PBS substrate, thereby exhibiting good flexural performance. The flexural strength of the formulation increased by 47% compared to pure PBS. This research accentuates the differences between epoxy-type silicon-modified PALF and PBS when integrated with calcined OSP. Biodegradation experiments demonstrated a notable 38.32% degradation after 105 days of the soil burial period. Furthermore, the study investigated the potential for manufacturing products, including tableware, storage boxes, and bowls, using injection molding techniques.

Plant fibers' wide availability and accessibility are the main causes of the growing interest in sustainable technologies. The two primary factors to consider while concentrating on composite materials are their low weight and highly specific features, as well as their environmental friendliness. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) stands out among natural fibers due to its rich cellulose content, cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and good fiber strength. This review provides an intensive assessment of the surface treatment, extraction, characterization, modifications and progress, mechanical properties, and potential applications of PALF-based polymer composites. Classification of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, chemical composition, micro cellulose, nanocellulose, and cellulose-based polymer composite applications have been extensively reviewed and reported. Besides, the reviewed PALF can be extracted into natural fiber cellulose and lignin can be used as reinforcement for the development of polymer biocomposites with desirable properties. Furthermore, this review article is keen to study the biodegradation of natural fibers, lignocellulosic biopolymers, and biocomposites in soil and ocean environments. Through an evaluation of the existing literature, this review provides a detailed summary of PALF-based polymer composite material as suitable for various industrial applications, including energy generation, storage, conversion, and mulching films.