Silt soil is widely distributed in coastal, river, and lacustrine sedimentary zones, characterized by high water content, low bearing capacity, high compressibility, and low permeability, representing a typical bulk solid waste. Studies have shown that cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) can significantly enhance the strength and durability of stabilized silt. However, potential variations due to groundwater fluctuations, long-term loading, or environmental erosion require further validation. This study comprehensively evaluates cement-slag composite stabilized silt as a sustainable subgrade material through integrated laboratory and field investigations. Laboratory tests analyzed unconfined compressive strength (UCS), seawater erosion resistance, and drying shrinkage characteristics. Field validation involved constructing a test with embedded sensors to monitor dynamic responses under 50% overloaded truck traffic (simulating 16-33 months of service) and environmental variations. Results indicate that slag incorporation markedly improved the material's anti-shrinkage performance and short-term erosion resistance. Under coupled heavy traffic loads and natural temperature-humidity fluctuations, the material exhibited standard-compliant dynamic responses, with no observed global damage to the pavement structure or surface fatigue damage under equivalent 16-33-month loading. The research confirms the long-term stability of cement-slag stabilized silt as a subgrade material under complex environmental conditions.

Increasingly, Climate Change (CC) is yielding more adverse climatic conditions that lead to the occurrence of natural hazards. Within these CC-related phenomena, it is possible to list global warming, flooding events, and urban heat islands. These scenarios generate damage to road infrastructure to a greater or lesser extent. Consequently, the CC-related phenomena affect the interconnection of production centers with cities and other communities. In this way, as CC causes potential damage to the pavement structures, socio-economic growth rates are correspondingly decreased. The preceding reveals the importance of designing CC-resilient asphalt pavements, which represent the vast percentage of transport infrastructure built worldwide. In this regard, this literature review aims to summarize the leading technologies and strategies developed in the state-of-the-art to mitigate the impacts of CC, as well as promote disaster risk reduction. Thus, this manuscript explains the following resilient design alternatives: anti-rutting asphalt mixtures, multilayer cool coatings, less temperature- sensitive asphalt mixtures, high-inertia pavements, flame retardancy of asphalt binders, anti-fatigue asphalt mixtures, self-healing asphalt mixtures, self-deicing asphalt mixtures, road-heating systems, fast-draining asphalt pavements, hydrophobic asphalt pavement, anti-ageing additives, solar pavements, and cool pavements. Furthermore, several constitutive models capable of simulating soil behaviour under CC-related events are introduced throughout this paper. This review highlights critical advancements in pavement engineering and encourages the adoption of sustainable, resilient design practices to safeguard infrastructure and ensure longterm socio-economic stability. The findings from this investigation provide a valuable resource for pavement designers, civil engineers, and policymakers, offering practical guidance for adapting road infrastructure to future climatic conditions.

During the operation period of a red clay low embankment, significant uneven settlement can occur due to vehicle loads, seriously threatening the smooth flow of roads and transportation safety. To better inform the design and filling of red clay low embankment road structures, this study combines model tests and numerical simulations to investigate the dynamic response characteristics of various pavement structures on red clay low embankments under vehicular loads. It examines how different moisture contents, embankment parameters, driving parameters, and pavement structures affect the vertical dynamic stress, acceleration, and deformation of red clay low embankments. The results show that the vertical dynamic stress and acceleration decrease rapidly along the depth and transverse width directions, and then slowly decrease. Increased vehicle loads and speeds lead to greater vertical dynamic stress and acceleration, whereas higher elastic modulus and embankment soil thickness result in lower values. Additionally, increasing water content intensifies the vertical acceleration response in red clay low embankments. The influence degree of different factors on the dynamic characteristics of red clay low embankment is: vehicle load > driving speed > embankment thickness > elastic modulus of embankment soil. The red clay low embankment under vehicular loading belongs to the deformation concentration area within 0 to 0.4 m from the top surface of the embankment. A comparative analysis of the dynamic characteristics of six common pavement structures for red clay low embankments shows that rutting-resistant pavement structures perform the best. The proposed new type of red clay low embankment upper pavement structure can effectively avoid the problem of base water damage caused by the capillary water rise of red clay.

The complex interactions between soil and additives such as lignin, glass powder, and rubber tires were investigated using principles of material and soil mechanics. Previous research has mainly focused on individual additives in clay soils. In contrast, this study investigates soil improvement with two different types of waste materials simultaneously. The improvement of soil properties by hybrid waste materials was evaluated using several laboratory tests, including the standard Proctor test, the unconfined compressive strength test, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, and cyclic triaxial tests. The aim of this research is to identify key parameters for the design and construction of road pavements and to demonstrate that improving the subgrade with hybrid waste materials contributes significantly to the sustainability of road construction. The mechanical and physical properties were evaluated in detail to determine the optimal mixtures. The results show that the most effective mixture for the combination of waste glass powder and rubber tires contains 20% glass powder and 3% rubber tires, based on the dry weight of the soil. For the combination of waste glass powder and lignin, the optimum mixture consists of 15% glass powder and 15% lignin, based on the dry weight of the soil. These results provide valuable insights into the sustainable use of waste materials for soil stabilization in road construction projects.