This paper aims to investigate the effects of zeolite and palm fiber on the strength and durability of cement soil. Based on the findings of previous research, optimal proportions of zeolite, palm fiber, and cement, as well as the appropriate curing age, were determined. Subsequently, unconfined compressive strength tests, dry-wet cycle tests, and freeze-thaw tests were conducted, utilizing NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions over the specified curing period. The strength and durability characteristics of the samples were evaluated by assessing mass and strength loss, taking into account the combined effects of NaCl and Na2SO4 solution erosion. The test data also provide a fitting relationship between strength and the number of cycles under the influence of different solutions, thereby offering a basis for theoretical predictions without the need for additional experiments. Finally, the microscopic mechanisms were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the cement soil composite of zeolite and palm fiber, when combined in optimal proportions, exhibits the best durability and minimal loss of strength and mass, irrespective of whether exposed to clean water or salt erosion, as well as during dry-wet or freeze-thaw cycles.

Incorporating sustainable stabilizers into the geo-ecosystem is an effective approach to improving the mechanical properties of the soil while addressing ecological issues. The main objective and novelty of this study are to assess the combined use of palm fiber and guar gum in soil stabilization, estimate their behavior in practices, outline their obstacles and potential for soil improvement, and consider their ecological effects. For this purpose, four different dosages of guar gum (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%) and three ratios of palm fiber (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%) in lengths (5, 10, and 15 mm) were considered. Laboratory tests conducted for this purpose include compaction, compressive, shear, and tensile strength, California bearing ratio (CBR), and microstructure analysis. Initially, the optimal dosage of guar gum was determined through the unconfined compressive test. Subsequently, the impact of optimal guar gum and palm strands on the mechanical characteristics of treated soil was examined. The results revealed that compressive and shear strengths of stabilized and reinforced soil improved by 200% and 71%, respectively, compared to the control samples. Also, increasing the palm dosage improved the failure strain by up to 11.4%, cohesion enhancement by up to 96 kPa, and soil brittleness reduction by 13.5%. The tensile and CBR test results demonstrated that incorporating fiber into the soil increased its tensile strength and CBR by 32.5 kPa and 31.16, respectively. A microstructure study revealed that adding guar gum to the fiber composite improved the interlocking between clay particles and fibers by generating a hydrogel.

This study used rice straw-based and palm fiber-based degradable plastics with glycerol and sorbitol. AThe strength of rice straw cellulose-based degradable plastics using 20% glycerol ranged from 2 to 5.75 MPa. Similarly, the strength of palm fiber cellulose-based degradable plastics using 40% sorbitol ranged from 5 to 11.13 MPa. In a chemical analysis, the peaks between 3444.87 cm-1 and 3651.25 cm-1 represented the O-H stretching of the alcohol group. This is shown by the C-O-H hydroxyl group at the wave numbers of 1627.92, 1724.36, and 1745.58 cm-1. Moreover, these groups are hydrophilic, binding water, so they can be degraded by microbial activity in the soil. In the thermal analysis, degradable plastics from rice straw lost a lot of weight between 431.53 and 520.79 degrees C. Plastics derived from palm fibers as green products also showed extreme weight loss between 334.28 and 482.20 degrees C. Most of the material was decomposed at 600 degrees C. Both types of samples lost a lot of hydrogen groups and started to decompose and depolymerize. Rice straw plastic absorbed 10.73%-20.23% of water, while palm fiber plastic absorbed 15.34%-85.01%. The lowest water absorption rates were observed in rice straw and palm fiber degradable plastics. Rice straw and palm fiber cellulose plastics broke down in 45-48 days, in line with the American Standard Testing and Materials (ASTM) D-20.96 standard, which says that degradable plastic should take no more than 180 days to break down.

Modern research is focused on the discovery of new compounds that meet the requirements of modern construction. An example of low energy consumption is that buildings consume between 20% and 40% of energy. In this research, the effect of fiber addition on the properties of compacted earth bricks composed of clay and sand and fixed with cement is studied. Fiberglass or palm are used in different proportions (0% and 0.4%). This is done by studying the change in mechanical and thermal properties. The study focuses on clarifying the role of fiber type and the amount of compressive force applied to the soil. To change the properties of bricks. This is studied using experimental methods and systematization criteria. The results showed a decrease in density by 9.1%, with a decrease in water absorption by 8%, an increase in brick hardness by 42.7%, and a decrease in thermal conductivity by 22.2%. These results show that the addition of fiber improves mechanical and thermal properties. Which reduces energy consumption. The results are important because they explain the changes that occur in the earth block when palm fibers and glass are added and how they are used to improve earthen buildings.