The general view of trees is that they threaten heritage structures, their roots disrupt archaeological features, or that they create microclimates conducive to biodeterioration. The conservator's experience in assessing the impact of trees on various cultural assets highlights the positive role they can play in modifying the outdoor environment to reduce stress mechanisms. Trees intercept sunlight and rain, absorb ground water and stabilise soils. This is particularly beneficial at rock art sites where infrastructure must be kept to a minimum to maintain the spiritual and aesthetic ambience. While focussing on studies demonstrating the protective role of trees, it is critical to make balanced assessments that recognise both positive and negative implications; a tree can both shade an object and increase the risk of mechanical damage from roots and falling branches. Objective assessments consider all implications rather than through intellectual and operational bias. Laboratory studies demonstrate hydrothermal stress to be greater than heating or wetting alone, and freeze-thaw that has been traditionally considered one of the most destructive mechanisms disrupting outdoor stone. Interventive approaches for reducing hydrothermal stresses in stone rely upon chemical treatments to repel water, and consolidation to better resist such stresses. A well-designed tree canopy can substantially reduce thermal expansion and almost completely remove rain from the object through interception, funnelling to the trunk and uptake of groundwater. La opini & oacute;n general sobre los & aacute;rboles es que amenazan las estructuras patrimoniales, sus ra & iacute;ces alteran las caracter & iacute;sticas arqueol & oacute;gicas o crean microclimas propicios al biodeterioro. La experiencia del restaurador en la evaluaci & oacute;n del impacto de los & aacute;rboles en diversos bienes culturales pone de relieve el papel positivo que pueden desempe & ntilde;ar en la modificaci & oacute;n del entorno exterior para reducir los mecanismos de estr & eacute;s. Los & aacute;rboles interceptan la luz del sol y la lluvia, absorben el agua subterr & aacute;nea y estabilizan los suelos. Esto es particularmente beneficioso en sitios de arte rupestre donde la infraestructura debe mantenerse al m & iacute;nimo para mantener el ambiente espiritual y est & eacute;tico. Si bien nos centramos en estudios que demuestran el papel protector de los & aacute;rboles, es fundamental realizar evaluaciones equilibradas que reconozcan las implicaciones tanto positivas como negativas; un & aacute;rbol puede dar sombra a un objeto y aumentar el riesgo de da & ntilde;os mec & aacute;nicos por ra & iacute;ces y ramas que caen. Las evaluaciones objetivas consideran todas las implicaciones y no a trav & eacute;s de sesgos intelectuales y operativos. Los estudios de laboratorio demuestran que el estr & eacute;s hidrotermal es mayor que el calentamiento o la humectaci & oacute;n por s & iacute; solos, y que el hielo y el deshielo se han considerado tradicionalmente uno de los mecanismos m & aacute;s destructivos que alteran la piedra al aire libre. Los enfoques interventivos para reducir las tensiones hidrotermales en la piedra se basan en tratamientos qu & iacute;micos para repeler el agua y la consolidaci & oacute;n para resistir mejor dichas tensiones. Una copa de & aacute;rbol bien dise & ntilde;ada puede reducir sustancialmente la expansi & oacute;n t & eacute;rmica y eliminar casi por completo la lluvia del objeto mediante la interceptaci & oacute;n, canalizaci & oacute;n hacia el tronco y absorci & oacute;n de agua subterr & aacute;nea.

Grounding systems play a crucial role in protecting an electrical power system in order to provide a safe path for fault current flow dispersion, especially in the event of lightning to avoid damage towards electrical equipment and malfunctions of such system. Therefore, an effective grounding system should possess low current resistance, allowing the fault currents to flow in the least resistance path as quick as possible. There are several methods to obtain an effective grounding system with low earth resistance value. The most common is by introducing enhancement materials, which either natural or chemical based. Note that only Natural Enhancement Materials were employed in this work which include Bentonite, Gypsum, Vermicast, Coco Peat and Peat Moss, which were chosen based on their moisture retaining capabilities. This is due to the reason that Natural Enhancement Materials will not alter the characteristics of the surrounding soil and proved to be environment friendly, as opposed to the Chemical Enhancement Materials. A total of 15 samples with various ratios including 4 Soil Reference samples, i.e. from previous Grounding Systems 2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, were tested. Moisture Retaining Test were conducted twice a week starting from 11th March 2022 until 10th May 2022, for a duration of 60 days once Volume Density Test was performed towards the 100% individually mixtures on day-0. It was concluded that the four best performed NEM mixtures in descending order were found to be Bentonite and Gypsum Mix A (86.72%), 100% Bentonite (86.59%), Bentonite and Coco Peat Mix A (79.69%), and Bentonite and Peat Moss Mix A (79.51%). Note that Bentonite ratio was more in Mix A compared to Mix B.