Cement-stabilized soil is a commonly used pavement base/bottom base material. Adding a suitable curing agent to cement-stabilized soil can effectively reduce the dosage of cement, meet the strength requirements, and also greatly improve its water stability. In this paper, three kinds of cement dosage (6%, 8%, and 10%) of cement-stabilized soil were selected to add a 0.04% organic liquid curing agent, and then compared with high-dose cement (10% and 12%)-stabilized soil. The influence of wetting-drying cycles on the mechanical properties of the five stabilized soils was discussed. The mineral composition of cement-stabilized soils before and after the addition of a curing agent was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the microscopic morphology of 10% cement-stabilized soils with a curing agent was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The macroscopic test shows that the unconfined compressive strength of solidified cement-stabilized soil can be divided into three stages with the increase in the times of the wetting-drying cycles, which are the rapid decay stage, stable enhancement stage, and stable decay stage. The wetting-drying stability coefficient first increases, and then decreases with the increase in the times of the wetting-drying cycles. The microscopic test shows that the addition of a curing agent can enhance the content of hydration products in the cement-stabilized soil specimen; at the curing age of 28 d, with the increase in the times of the wet-dry cycles, the structure of the solidified cement-stabilized soil gradually broke down. The surface porosity P and pore diameter d showed an overall upward trend but decreased at the fifth wetting-drying cycle. The pore orientation weakened. The results show that the resistance of cement-stabilized soil with a curing agent is obviously better than that of cement-stabilized soil under wet-dry conditions.