Devastating earthquakes around the world highlight the crucial need to understand the seismic performance of structures. Local soil conditions are among the most significant factors influencing a structure's seismic behavior. Earthquake-soil-structure interactions directly affect seismic damage levels. In performance-based earthquake engineering, accurate target displacements enable a more realistic estimation of the expected performance levels for structures. This depends on obtaining realistic local soil conditions. This study conducted structural analyses on seven different variables, considering four different local soil conditions specified in Eurocode 8. The variables selected were importance class, peak ground acceleration (PGA), damping ratio, ground storey height, frame openings, number of storeys, and storey height, applied to a symmetrical and regular reinforced concrete structure. Period, base shear, stiffness, and target displacements were obtained for each variable through pushover analyses for the four various local soil conditions. All structural results were compared with one another and with other variables. This paper also aimed to reveal the effect of local soil conditions in the context of the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmara & scedil; (T & uuml;rkiye) earthquakes. The study confirms that variations in soil types, as classified in Eurocode 8, have a major impact on the seismic behavior of reinforced-concrete structures. Weaker soils amplify seismic effects, increasing target displacements and structural vulnerability.

Cracking of soils associated with subsidence is a complex and multiparametric problem. Local soil conditions could be responsible for the dramatic differential settlements and fissures manifest when the water pumping reduces the volume of the compressible strata. This situation is of extreme importance due to the level of damage to urban infrastructure and buried facilities (gas, water, and drainage) as well as to housing structures. In this research, using a simple geotechnical model of subsidence (finite element method, Mohr-Coulomb criterion) parametric combinations of materials and basement geometry are tested to define the geotechnical settings more susceptible to deformation and derived cracking. These approximations are compared with measurements and field surveys in Mexico City to validate the hypothesis. Defining the zones that are more susceptible to respond with cracking due to the phenomenon of subsidence can be especially important when designing urban development programs, restoration campaigns for buried pipes, even for construction and operation of new pumping wells.

Damages occurring during earthquakes may vary depending on the ground conditions in which the earthquake waves pass, the magnitude of the earthquake, the focal depth of the shaking and as well as the structural characteristics. Regional seismicity, ground movement and behavior of local soil conditions are important in earthquake-resistant building designs. Local site conditions consist of the layering, bedrock depth, and dynamic and topographic characteristics of soil that alter the bedrock waves through the soil profile during an earthquake. The change occurs in terms of amplitude, frequency and the time when the peak happens during the wave propagation. This initiates a big difference between the surface and bedrock motion. The behavior of the soil under cyclic loads resulting from seismic action is non-linear. This study aims to demonstrate the effects of strong ground motion by taking into account the nonlinear behavior of the soil layers. In addition, the results obtained from the equivalent linear and non-linear methods were compared. The results of the study showed that the characteristics of soil layers and strong ground motion (frequency content and duration) significantly affect the field response analysis and generally larger spectral parameters (about %20) have been obtained with the equivalent linear method compared to the nonlinear behavior. Finally, empirical models to estimate the soil amplification reflect different compared to the site specific analysis.