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The deformations revealed by us in the ancient buildings of the village of Tsymyti indicate very strong seismic oscillations. The displacement of a block weighing 25 t against the slope of the relief indicates very strong accelerations of the soil-more than 1 g. Thus, the local intensity of seismic oscillations is at least Il = IX-X. In the walls of ancestral towers and burial crypts, it is possible to identify a significant number of extended interblock cracks, tilts, and collapses of walls and their parts. Rotations of building elements and deformations of window openings are also revealed. The distribution of the tilts of the walls shows their general declination to the west. According to the same azimuth, the abovementioned multiton block was ejected. The deformation of the window openings also took place in the walls of the sublatitudinal orientation, i.e., possibly from the western direction. The age of the towers in Tsymyti has two periods: 15th-16th centuries (use in the construction of dry masonry without cement) and 16th-17th centuries (use of masonry with cement mortar). It is possible that the change in the type of construction was caused by a seismic event. The same earthquake, apparently, damaged the Dzivgis fortress, located lower down the valley of the Fiagdon River. The trend of the outer wall of the fortress coincided with the direction of seismic oscillations (along the east-northeast-west-southwest axis), which approximately coincides with the sublatitudinal direction of seismic oscillation in Tsymyti. The first earthquake probably also damaged the Gutnov family tower in Dzivgis, built in the 15th-16th centuries. The tower was mostly repaired, and the cracks visible in the walls of the tower to this day appeared in it during the second earthquake, which apparently caused the destruction of buildings in the village of Dzivgis. The age of these buildings dates back to the 18th-19th centuries. The age of the necropolis in Tsymyti was determined by archaeologists as the 17th-18th centuries. Heavily destroyed crypts are apparently a consequence of the second earthquake in the region. The crypts that received minor damage are probably the result of the third earthquake. In Dzivgis, in the 19th century, the third earthquake led to a rockfall that deformed the metal cemetery fences; this seismic event occurred after 1878. Additional field and desk studies are necessary for a more complete parameterization of ancient seismic events, as well as the localization of ancient epicentral zones in certain structures of the crust of the region.

期刊论文 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/S0001433824701330 ISSN: 0001-4338

Our archaeoseismological studies of the ruins of a medieval Christian temple located at the foot of Kilisa-Kaya Mountain in the southeast of the Crimean Peninsula have shown that the building structures have obvious traces of significant seismic damages: tilts, shifts, and rotations of both entire building elements and individual stone blocks or their packages. Extended subvertical interblock cracks break the walls of the temple to their entire residual height. Oblique cracks that occur under conditions of longitudinal compression cut elongated building blocks. The stone pavement of the temple is also damaged: there are depressions in it. Judging by the fact that the temple was repaired, and sections of the repaired walls were also deformed, the structure was affected by two seismic events. The last of them left traces in the apse and the northern portal. Seismic oscillations spread in the sublatitudinal direction. The damage caused by this earthquake apparently includes shifts and tilts of brickwork in the submeridionally oriented walls, as well as the loss of domed and arched parts of the building. The first earthquake led to the appearance of deformations (shifts) in the walls of the sublatitudinal strike, after which the temple was repaired. The second seismic event, apparently, led to the formation of a landslide in the upper reaches of the dry creek in the valley of which the temple was located. The lake formed above the dam once broke through the barrier, and a mudslide passed down the valley. The mudflow material filled the interior of the temple and formed sediments around the building. Mudslide deposits covered and preserved the walls of the temple, as well as deformations in them for hundreds of years. Judging by the severity of the damage to the religious building, built with special quality, the intensity of seismic oscillations during both seismic events was at least VIII points. The exact dates of the construction of the temple and the earthquakes still need to be clarified, for which further research of the monument is necessary. Since its construction is tentatively dated from the second half of the 12th century to the first half of the 13th century, the first earthquake occurred after the specified date. It is known that the temple was almost completely buried under a layer of soil by the end of the 18th century. Accordingly, the second seismic event can be dated to this time.

期刊论文 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/S0001433824700749 ISSN: 0001-4338
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