Distinguishing the origin of lunar water ice requires in situ isotopic measurements with high sensitivity and robustness under extreme lunar conditions; however, challenges such as uncertain water contents and isotopic fractionation induced by regolith particles restrict isotopic analysis. Herein, we present a miniaturized tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) developed as the core prototype for the Chang'E-7 Lunar Soil Water Molecule Analyzer (LSWMA). The wavelength range of the instrument is 3659.5-3662.0 cm-1, and the system integrates a Herriott cell for stable multi-isotope (H2 16O, H2 18O, H2 17O, and HD16O) detection and employs regolith samples of known isotopic experiments to quantify adsorption-induced fractionation. Performance evaluations demonstrated a dynamic water detection range of 0.01-2 wt % and isotope precision up to 1.3 parts per thousand for delta D (30.5 s), 0.77 parts per thousand for delta 18O (36 s), and 0.75 parts per thousand for delta 17O (21.5 s) with extended averaging. Repeated injections of three types of standard water revealed a volume-dependent deviation (Delta delta D up to -59.5 parts per thousand) attributed to multilayer adsorption effects, while simulated lunar soil experiments identified additional isotopic fractionation (Delta delta D up to -12.8 parts per thousand) caused by particle binding. These results validate the ability of the spectrometer to resolve subtle isotopic shifts under lunar conditions, providing critical data for distinguishing water origins and advancing future resource utilization strategies.

The study of volatiles and the search for water are the primary objectives of the Luna-27 mission, which is planned to land on the south pole of the Moon in 2028. Here we present the tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer (DLS-L) that will be onboard the lander. The DLS-L will perform isotopic analysis of volatiles that are pyrolytically evolved from regolith. This article dives into the design of the spectrometer and the characterisation of isotopic signature retrieval. We look forward to expanding our knowledge of Lunar geochemistry by measuring D/H, 18O/17O/16O, 13C/12C ratios in situ, which would be the one-of-a-kind direct study of the lunar soil isotopy without sample contamination.

Lunar soil studies are planned on-board the Luna-27 polar landing probe of the scheduled Luna-Recourse mission. A sensor, which is called DLS-L, was designed as an additional analytical unit, integrated into a Gas Chromatography GC-L instrument of a Gas Analytical Package, targeted to study products, pyrolytically evolved from soil samples of a close location near the Lunar probe landing point. Gas Analytical Package for direct study of volatiles in the accessible lunar regolith at the landing site is a complex of three instruments: a TA-L thermal analyzer, a GC-L gas chromatograph, and an NGMS neutral gas mass spectrometer. The DLS-L aims in an independent measurement of pyrolytical output dynamics and integral content of H2O, CO2, and in retrieving of isotopic ratios D/H, O-18/O-1(7)/O-1(6), C-13/C-12 for isotopologues of H2O and CO2. The DLS-L sensor data would help for further understanding of physics and chemistry of the Lunar body, as original data of polar Lunar soil first-ever direct study.

Global efforts to mitigate climate change have largely focused on reducing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is responsible for 55-60% of current anthropogenic radiative forcing on warming impact. Because of its long lifetime (similar to 130 years [1]) in the atmosphere, long-lasting CO2 will remain the primary driver of long-term temperature rise even if new CO2 emissions dropped to zero. A fast-action climate mitigation strategies is therefore strongly needed to provide more sizeable short-term benefits than CO2 reductions by reducing emission of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), having atmospheric lifetimes of less than 20 years [2], which would allow for short-term drops in atmospheric concentrations and hence slow climate change over the next several decades. Monitoring of climatically and environmentally active SLCPs is important not only for policy-based reporting, but also for basic process-based understanding of climate related processes in the atmosphere. In this talk, we will overview our recent progress in the developments and applications of laserbased optical instruments for the measurements of environmental and livestock emitted methane (CH4), as well as the measurement of black carbon (BC) absorption. The experimental detail, the preliminary measurement results, the corresponding data processing and analysis will be presented.