This study aims to find out whether the working parts of ploughs of different manufacturers have different wear parameters. A comparative analysis of the resource of plough points and furrow coulter knives is performed (according to changes in mass, diagonal length of working parts, etc.). Reinforced plough points wore 2.5 times less by mass, and 4.53 times less diagonal shortening than non-reinforced plough points. Plough points strengthened with carbide plates suffered less wear and less shortening before being damaged by stones. As a whole, the abrasive wear of geometrically identical and close-in-composition parts is determined by the hardness of the steels from which the part is made, and the microstructure obtained during heat treatment. The performed numerical simulation of abrasive wear showed the results of plough point thickness variation close to field experiments. The obtained normal stress diagram explains the intensity of wear on the front edge of the plough point. The proposed soil bin improvement with a zone for smaller particles helps to avoid meshed geometry deformation.

The development of restoration technology and meadows, improvement of run-down pastures, and productivity improvement of old crops of perennial grasses is an urgent problem in agriculture. The tillage traction force in seeder designing and manufacturing is an important indicator of energy efficiency. The objective of this work is to reduce traction force and ensure seeding depth uniformity by justifying the optimal chisel parameters of a grain-fertilizer-grass seeder for direct seeding in sod. The Box-Behnken method was applied to investigate the traction force dependence on the seeder velocity, seed embedding depth, chisel width, and mounting angle. The obtained optimal parameters of coulters were justified by the finite element method. Structural and technological parameters were checked using the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics method on the deformation and wear of the seeder working body. The revealed optimal coulter parameters were as follows: chisel width was 20-20.97 mm, chisel length was 145-148.9 mm, mounting angle was 75 degrees-81.6 degrees, and achieved minimum traction force was 720 N. These parameters ensure the quality of grass seed embedding in the sod. The theoretical data of traction force (8.27-8.39 kN) are in accordance with the experimental (8.28-8.63 kN) data under field conditions. These findings are efficient in agrotechnical and mechanical predictions regarding the occurrence of chisel residual stresses and the working lifetime of the part.

Introduction. The discrete element method is the most promising method for modeling soil tillage. With the use of DEM modeling it is possible to create a digital twin for technological process of interaction of tools with soil, analyze the operation of tillage and seeding machines having various design and technological parameters, and predict energy and agrotechnical indicators of etheir work. To improve the prediction accuracy, it is necessary to compare the obtained data with the results of field experiments. Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at developing a digital twin of the tillage bin through using the discrete element method and optimizing the main design and technological parameters of the dual -level opener. Materials and Methods. To simulate the process of the soil -opener interaction, there was used the discrete element method; the advanced Hertz - Mindlin model was used as a contact model. For DEM modeling there is created a virtual tillage bin, which is filled with spherical particles of 10 mm diameter with the specified rheological parameters of the selected contact model. The main design factors for carrying out computer experiments in order to optimize them were the opener blade rake angle alpha and the furrow rake angle beta . The opener traction resistance R was chosen as the output optimization parameter. Results. Implementation of multifactor experiments on the digital twin of the soil bin in the Rocky DEM program allowed to optimize the design and technological parameters of the dual -level opener: bit inclination angle alpha = 75(o ), furrow former inclination angle beta = 21(o) , vertical distance between the bit and furrow former Delta a = 11 - 14 mm. Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of the modeling, it was found that the opener traction resistance increases in quadratic dependence on the opener operating speed and surface energy of the contact model.