Rainfall-induced landslide mitigation remains a critical research focus in geotechnical engineering, particularly for safeguarding buildings and infrastructure in unstable terrain. This study investigates the stabilizing performance of slopes reinforced with negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) anchor cables under rainfall conditions through physical model tests. A scaled geological model of a heavily weathered rock slope is constructed using similarity-based materials, building a comprehensive experimental setup that integrates an artificial rainfall simulation system, a model-scale NPR anchor cable reinforcement system, and a multi-parameter data monitoring system. Real-time measurements of NPR anchor cable axial forces and slope internal stresses were obtained during simulated rainfall events. The experimental results reveal distinct response times and force distributions between upper and lower NPR anchor cables in reaction to rainfall-induced slope deformation, reflecting the temporal and spatial evolution of the slope's internal sliding surface-including its generation, expansion, and full penetration. Monitoring data on volumetric water content, earth pressure, and pore water pressure within the slope further elucidate the evolution of effective stress in the rock-soil mass under saturation. Comparative analysis of NPR cable forces and effective stress trends demonstrates that NPR anchor cables provide adaptive stress compensation, dynamically counteracting internal stress redistribution in the slope. In addition, the structural characteristics of NPR anchor cables can effectively absorb the energy released by landslides, mitigating large deformations that could endanger adjacent buildings. These findings highlight the potential of NPR anchor cables as an innovative reinforcement strategy for rainfall-triggered landslide prevention, offering practical solutions for slope stabilization near buildings and enhancing the resilience of building-related infrastructure.

The control and early warning of landslide induced by rainfall have always been the emphasis and difficulty of geological disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, a slope similarity model was developed based on the landslide at Xiongjia Mountain quarry in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. A new type of the negative Poisson's ratio structural (NPR) anchor cable and the ordinary prestressed anchor cable (abbreviation PR anchor cable) at model scale were used as slope reinforcement materials. A physical model experiment was carried out to examine the reinforcement mechanism and control effect of rainfall-induced landslides by monitoring and analyzing the evolution characteristics of volumetric water content, pore water pressure, vertical earth pressure, and anchor cable force. The results show that the abnormality of the monitoring curve of soil hydraulic parameters corresponds well with the shallow local slump of the slope. The NPR anchor cable is more sensitive to the redistribution of the internal stress field of the slope induced by rainfall, confirming the law of sudden drop in the force of the NPR anchor cable and local deformation in the slope. In addition, the NPR anchor cable produces a high-stress energy-absorbing control function by virtue of the constant resistance and large deformation characteristics, which effectively suppresses the large deformation of the slope and promotes the slope to reach a secondary equilibrium state. Furthermore, the NPR anchor cable force shows a significant deformation-immediate sliding dynamic law with an initial spike followed by sudden drop before the landslide.