Bamboo charcoal (BC) was utilized as a modifier to functionalize poly (L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) (PLCL) in this research. Five types of BC/PLCL composite films with varying BC content (0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 2.5 wt%) were fabricated and subjected to degradation studies in soil. The degradation performance of these composite films was assessed by analyzing changes in apparent morphology, micromorphology, mass loss, molecular weight, and mechanical properties after 20, 40, 60, and 80 days of degradation. Results indicated a gradual increase in the degradation level of PLCL over time, accompanied by a decrease in elongation at break from 273.5 % to 12.01 %. The incorporation of BC was found to decelerate the degradation of PLCL, leading to a delayed degradation process as the proportion of BC increased.

Concrete is widely used in civil engineering applications and the natural aggregates which used in concrete are scarce, but its demand is increasing. The disposal of rubber tyres poses a significant environmental challenge, as their decomposition releases harmful chemicals into the soil and water bodies over many years. Decomposition of tyres should be done in a smart way and hence came the emergence of mixing recycled rubber crumbs into concrete as Rubberised Concrete (RC). This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the mechanical properties of concrete such as Compressive Strength (fck), Tensile Strength (ft), Flexural Strength (fcr) of 7, 14, 28 days in replacement of fine aggregate with fine rubber (FR), and Coarse Aggregate with Coarse Rubber (CR). The results indicate that RC is more suitable for structural applications, including Reinforced Concrete columns, beams, slabs, than conventional concrete. The primary objective of the article is to explore the potential use of recycled rubber crumbs in concrete, referred to as Rubberised Concrete (RC), and to analyze its mechanical properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength over different curing periods. Additionally, machine learning (ML) based prediction model has been developed for various strength characteristics of concrete mixtures at 28 days. The hyperparameter optimization using Grid Search CV with fivefold cross-validation have been performed to obtain the best hyperparameters. The model's performance is evaluated using metrics like MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R-squared values. Results reveal varying performances among different ML algorithms for predicting flexural, tensile, and compressive strengths.

Utilizing MSC composite materials (M-Metakaolin(MK)), S-Slag, C-Calcium carbide residue (CCR)), the waste engineering mud produced through the drilling and grouting pile construction method was solidified.Through the analysis of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) on solidified engineering mud test blocks, the influence of complex factors such as slag content, CCR content, and curing time on the solidification efficiency of engineering mud was investigated, and the microscopic mechanism was analyzed.Concurrently, supplementary tests were carried out to ascertain the pH and water content of the cured mud.The results indicated that the 7-day unconfined compressive strength of cured mud specimens could achieve 3 MPa when incorporating 12 % MK, 8 % slag, and 6 % CCR.The optimal pH for the curing mud is determined to be 11.25, correlating with a water content of 84 %.The destructive strains corresponding to the peak stresses of the cured mud at different curing times ranged from 1.6 % to 2.5 % and generally decreased with increasing peak stresses.The XRD and SEM analyses have demonstrated that the enhancement in the strength of the cured mud can be attributed to the processes of hydration and polymerization, resulting in the generation of gel products such as calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and aluminosilicate-Na hydrate (NASH). These products are responsible for the adsorption of clay and bentonite particles, thereby efficiently occupying the structural voids.The research findings have the potential to provide theoretical support for the development of environmentally friendly and low-carbon MSC gelling materials, as well as their application in soil reinforcement, notably in the context of engineered mud solidification.