Microplastics (MP) pollution in agricultural soils has become an important environmental problem. Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient for plant growth. P fertilizers are mainly applied to agricultural fields to achieve the high production expected by farmers. The experiment included two MP levels (0, 1 % w/w) and two P levels (0 mg kg(-1) , 200 mg kg(-1) ) in order to know whether MP effects on wheat and maize are regulated by supplemental P supply. MP decreased plant height, photosynthetic pigment, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, while increased ROS and MDA contents. Wheat and maize exhibited distinct strategies in mitigating growth damage caused by MP pollution: wheat primarily increased the AsA contents, while maize predominantly enhanced APX activity. P supply alleviated the MP pollution effect by improving photosynthetic pigments, POD, and PPO activity in wheat and maize. P supply alleviated the MP pollution effect by improving antioxidant enzyme activities in the AsA-GSH cycling in wheat, while increasing non-enzymatic antioxidant contents in the AsA-GSH cycling in maize. The results showed that wheat and maize resisted MP pollution by different mechanisms, and P supply reduced the sensitivity of wheat and maize to MP pollution and its regulatory effect on wheat was better than that on maize. Synopsis: The response of different plants under the same microplastic and phosphorus conditions is limited. We find phosphorus alleviates microplastics pollution on wheat and maize through different regulatory routes.