Apolygus lucorum is one of the most important piercing-sucking insect pests of tea plant. In this study, we assessed the impact of intercropping young tea plants with garden pea Pisum sativum on the populations of A. lucorum and natural enemies, tea plant growth and metabolites, and soil nutrient status of tea plantation. Intercropping with flowering P. sativum var. arvense reduced the population density of A. lucorum, particularly between June 1, 2020, and June 15, 2021, with a peak reduction of 90.87%. The percentage of A. lucorum-damaged tea leaves in the tea-pea intercropping was also reduced, with the maximum reduction of 8.96% observed on June 15, 2021, in the intercropping group compared to the control. The tea-P. arvense intercrop had a minor impact on the populations of natural enemies, such as coccinellids, parasitoids, and syrphids in the tea plantations. The tea-pea intercropping increased the contents of soluble sugar, tea polyphenols, caffeine, and anthocyanins, and decreased the contents of free amino acids and catechins of the tea plant leaves, and finally improved the quality of tea. Effective phosphorus and quick acting potassium decreased significantly in the plots intercropped. Our research indicated that tea-pea intercropping has the potential to manipulate the population of A. lucorum and tea leaf damage, and improve tea quality, while also enhancing soil fertility in tea plantations. The findings from this study offer important insights into the use of intercropping as a sustainable agricultural practice.

Intensive poultry production may result in substantial emissions of pollutants into the environment, including pharmaceuticals and other chemicals used in poultry farming. The objective of this study was to verify the presence of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, carbamazepine, metoclopramide, trimethoprim, diflufenican, flufenacet, and p,p '-DDE in soil and water in the immediate vicinity of a poultry manure heap. The influence of soil contaminants on the growth and selected physiological parameters of seed peas and common duckweed (as indicator plants) was tested. It has been proven that the cultivation of pea plants on soil coming from the close proximity of a heap of manure results in a deterioration of both morphological parameters (root length, shoot length) and physiological parameters (chlorophyll absorption, aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (ALAD) activity, aminolevulinic acid (ALA) content, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial damage or production of HSP70 proteins). Similarly, water extracts from cultivated soils had a significant effect on duckweed, and it was found that contaminant leachates are indeed detectable in soil, groundwater, and deep water. Special attention should, therefore, be paid to the location, methods of storage, and use of poultry fertilizer.