Composite materials with different contents of silicon-modified pineapple leaf fiber (PALF), calcined oyster shell powder (OSP), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were successfully prepared. Moreover, the flexural performance of the composite materials containing calcined oxazoline (OSP) was obviously enhanced. The addition of silicon-modified PALF contributed to the improvement of the material's thermal stability and affected its water absorption performance. Significant degradation differences were observed in PALF composite materials modified with glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (Glymo) and PBS when adding calcined OSP. Formulations containing calcined OSP and epoxy-type silicon-modified PALF showed better adhesion to the PBS substrate, thereby exhibiting good flexural performance. The flexural strength of the formulation increased by 47% compared to pure PBS. This research accentuates the differences between epoxy-type silicon-modified PALF and PBS when integrated with calcined OSP. Biodegradation experiments demonstrated a notable 38.32% degradation after 105 days of the soil burial period. Furthermore, the study investigated the potential for manufacturing products, including tableware, storage boxes, and bowls, using injection molding techniques.

Because pineapple is an important crop in Vietnam, it is crucial to assess the nutrition status of the pineapple. Although the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) is a reliable approach, finding the right leaf position to diagnose is vital. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to determine suitable leaf positions for creating DRIS norms for macro- and micronutrients in pineapple leaf. Healthy pineapple leaves without pest or disease damages were sampled from 60 pineapple farms and analyzed for N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn concentrations. The results revealed that the critical yield was 13.3 t ha-1 among the 60 farms, dividing into 23 farms as the high-yielding group (>= 13.3 t ha(-1)) and 37 farms as the low-yielding group (< 13.3 t ha(-1)). The concentrations of mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn) and pineapple fruit yields in the high-yielding group were greater than those in the low-yielding one. On the other hand, the Na, Fe, and Mn concentrations showed the opposite pattern. Selected leaf positions must possess significantly different nutrient ratios and have more than 14 nutrient ratio pairs between the two yield groups. Therefore, leaf positions from +15 to +19 were selected to create DRIS norms. Nine sets of DRIS norms have been created at leaf +1, +3, +7, +9, +16, +18, +21, +22, and +29 for plant pineapples.

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) bioplastic shows great promise for sustainable food packaging. This study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from pineapple waste via green synthesis and incorporated them into CMC to develop enhanced nanocomposite films. Key steps included preparing ZnONP powder and formulating ZnONP-CMC (ZCMC) (1.0% w/v) solutions for film fabrication. The nanocomposites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, TGA, and DSC to assess structural integrity and thermal stability. Physical properties showed enhancement, including a thickness of 0.17.05 mm, opacity of 17%, moisture content of 52.38%, and water solubility of 64.52%. The mechanical properties also improved significantly, with a tensile strength of 26.30 MPa and elongation at a break of similar to 50%. FTIR and XRD confirmed the successful incorporation of ZnO NPs, which improved the crystallinity and structural integrity of the CMC matrix. Notably, the ZCMC nanocomposite exhibited rapid biodegradation within 9 days under soil conditions, highlighting its potential for reducing environmental impact. In conclusion, adding ZnO NPs to CMC films notably improves their physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics, rendering them ideal for food packaging. While the mechanical and biodegradation properties are promising for food packaging applications, future research should focus on evaluating the antimicrobial properties and practical applications of the ZCMC films in food preservation.

Plant fibers' wide availability and accessibility are the main causes of the growing interest in sustainable technologies. The two primary factors to consider while concentrating on composite materials are their low weight and highly specific features, as well as their environmental friendliness. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) stands out among natural fibers due to its rich cellulose content, cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and good fiber strength. This review provides an intensive assessment of the surface treatment, extraction, characterization, modifications and progress, mechanical properties, and potential applications of PALF-based polymer composites. Classification of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, chemical composition, micro cellulose, nanocellulose, and cellulose-based polymer composite applications have been extensively reviewed and reported. Besides, the reviewed PALF can be extracted into natural fiber cellulose and lignin can be used as reinforcement for the development of polymer biocomposites with desirable properties. Furthermore, this review article is keen to study the biodegradation of natural fibers, lignocellulosic biopolymers, and biocomposites in soil and ocean environments. Through an evaluation of the existing literature, this review provides a detailed summary of PALF-based polymer composite material as suitable for various industrial applications, including energy generation, storage, conversion, and mulching films.

The present study examines the mechanical and morphological characteristics of a green composite reinforced with pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) under different environmental conditions. PLF underwent chemical treatment at optimal conditions, using a 1% w/v sodium carbonate solution for 6 hours, to produce an environmentally friendly pineapple leaf fiber (PLF)/polylactic acid (PLA)-based composite via injection molding. The optimal injection settings of 165 degree celsius (melting temperature), 50 mm/sec (injection speed), and 110 bars (injection pressure) to produce the PLF/PLA composite. The PLF/PLA composite was developed with a fiber loading of 20% and a length of 3 mm. The produced PLF/PLA composites were then exposed to a variety of environmental conditions, including water, soil, refrigeration, and room temperature. The impact of these diverse conditions on the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, compression, and shear) was scientifically observed for four -week. Additionally, the morphology of the fractured specimens was assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The contact angle measurement was conducted to assess the hydrophilic characteristics of the PLF/PLA green composite. There has been a lack of comprehensive research on the effects of different environmental conditions on the mechanical, wettability, and morphological properties of green composites derived from PLF/PLA. Thus, in this study, emphasis is given for investigating the effect of various environmental conditions on the mechanical properties of PLF/PLA injection -molded green composite. The composite material demonstrated the highest water absorption and swelling thickness at 6.45% and 5.51%, respectively, in comparison to the dry PLF/ PLA samples. The green composite of PLF/PLA demonstrated excellent mechanical performance under ambient conditions compared to other environmental conditions. The PLF/PLA composite displayed a peak contact angle of 83.26 degrees when subjected to soil burial conditions. On the contrary, the initial samples of the PLF/PLA composite displayed the minimum contact angle of 56.72 degrees .

Geotextiles are widely being used for different soil engineering applications such as filtration, separation, drainage, reinforcement and erosion control. Synthetic geotextiles are mainly produced from the petroleum-derived polymeric materials. The environmental awareness and concern towards sustainability necessitated the application of a more sustainable alternative with natural fibre-based geosynthetics. In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of five different natural fibres, namely abaca, coir, jute, pineapple and sisal fibres, which could be a suitable candidate for geotextile applications have been analysed and compared. Out of the five different types of the fibres analysed in the present study, the highest average diameter, density and flexural rigidity were found to be for coir and the lowest were found to be for pineapple. It was observed that all the five types of the fibres have the potential for soil reinforcement applications. The unconfined compressive strength of the unreinforced clay was increased by 2, 3.3, 4. 4.1 and 5 times, when reinforced with abaca, coir, pineapple, sisal and jute fibres, respectively. However, jute fibres have low rigidity. The present study concluded that these natural fibres can perform effectively as a raw material for geotextiles. Pineapple fibre absorbs high amount of water and hence may degrade faster comparing to other natural fibres. The fibres which contain high proportion of cellulose possess high tensile strength. For coir fibres, due to the presence of high amount of lignin the life is comparatively high. Thus, blending of the fibres in suitable proportions can complement each other and can lead to the production of better geotextile materials in various applications. Considering the durability, strength and compatibility in blending and spinning, an attempt was made in the present study to develop woven geotextiles from 50% coir:50% sisal blended yarns which are found to be superior in functional characteristics.

Mulch films were fabricated from polylactic acid (PLA) with cellulose nanocrystals (PNC) extracted from pineapple leaves. The PNC was modified by incorporating 4 wt% triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVS), designated as 4PNC, to enhance its interaction with PLA. The films incorporated varying concentrations of PNC (1, 2, 4, and 8 wt%). The results indicated that higher PNC concentrations increased the water vapor permeability (WVP) and biodegradability of the composite films, while reducing light transmission. Films containing 4PNC, particularly at 4 wt % (PLA/4PNC-4), exhibited an 11.18 % increase in elongation at break compared to neat PLA films. Moreover, these films showed reduced light transmission, correlating with decreased weed growth, reduced WVP, and enhanced barrier properties, indicative of improved soil moisture retention. Additionally, PLA films with 4PNC demonstrated greater thermal degradation stability than those with unmodified PNC, suggesting enhanced heat resistance. However, there was no significant difference in aerobic biodegradation between the PLA films with PNC and those with 4PNC. This study confirms that TEVS-modified cellulose significantly enhances the properties of bio-composite films, making them more suitable for mulch film applications.