Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a class of organic compounds that are easily volatilized at room temperature, causing serious damage to the human body, soil, and water bodies, and affecting the balance of the ecosystem. Cobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) has a very high catalytic degradation ability for VOCs and is considered to be one of the metal oxides with the greatest potential to replace precious metal catalysts. Relevant studies have shown that Co3O4 catalysts prepared under different conditions have excellent photocatalytic and thermocatalytic activities. This paper discusses the effects of precursors, precipitants, reaction temperatures, and subsequent heat treatment temperatures on the catalytic degradation activity of benzene by the prepared Co3O4 catalysts. The activity differences of the samples were determined by the degradation rate of 15 mu L benzene and the CO2 generation rate of the Co3O4 catalysts prepared under different conditions at 290 degrees C, and the optimized preparation scheme of the Co3O4 catalyst with high catalytic activity was obtained. The study found that the Co3O4 catalyst prepared with cobalt acetate as a precursor, urea as a precipitant, 90 degrees C reaction, and subsequent 300 degrees C calcination showed the best activity in photothermocatalytic degradation of VOCs. The optimal Co3O4 catalyst had a catalytic degradation rate of 95.3% for 15 mu L benzene in only 5 min, and maintained a catalytic degradation rate of more than 95% for 15 mu L benzene after 10 photothermocatalytic degradation stability tests, proving its good catalytic stability. Combined with the test characterization results of XRD, SEM, UV-Vis-IR, TG, etc., the reasons for the difference in catalytic degradation efficiency of Co3O4 catalysts were explored: Co3O4 catalysts prepared under different conditions have different absorption capacities for ultraviolet-visible-infrared light, and calcination at a too high temperature will increase the surface area of the Co3O4 catalyst, resulting in a reduction in its active attachment sites. The optimal Co3O4 catalyst was further analyzed for photocatalysis at room temperature, thermocatalysis at different temperatures, and photothermocatalytic activity. It was found that its photothermal synergistic catalytic efficiency at 200, 240, and 290 degrees C was always greater than the simple sum of photocatalysis and thermocatalysis. The activation energy of the photothermal catalytic reaction is lower than that of the thermal catalytic reaction. Due to the reduction of activation energy, photothermal synergistic catalysis can significantly accelerate the reaction rate. The electron or energy excitation caused by the participation of light can trigger more reactant molecules to cross the energy barrier and accelerate the reaction. The photogenerated holes generated by photocatalysis can promote the release of lattice oxygen, thereby accelerating the formation of oxygen vacancies. Photogenerated electrons can reduce the reduction energy barrier of oxygen molecules during the reaction, accelerate the adsorption and dissociation of oxygen, allow oxygen vacancies to be quickly refilled, and restore the activity of the catalyst. Therefore, the Co3O4 catalyst has a photothermal synergistic effect in the catalytic degradation of VOCs, that is, the active species O2-, OH and C6H6+ produced by photocatalysis are more active than O-2, H2O and C6H6 participating in the reaction in traditional thermocatalysis, which accelerates the thermocatalytic redox of Co3O4.

The toxicity of heavy metals to both humans and aquatic life makes them a major environmental concern. Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic are major causes of concern. These metals can find their way into water systems by natural processes like soil erosion, as well as industrial ones like mining, electroplating, and metal polishing. They can bioaccumulate in wildlife and offer substantial health concerns to humans through numerous exposure pathways, leading to neurological and developmental disorders, kidney damage and bone degradation, immune system impairments in children, cancer, and skin lesions. Therefore, it is crucial to develop efficient technology for removing heavy metals from contaminated water to safeguard the environment and public health. Promising developments in cloud point extraction (CPE) and photocatalytic nanomaterials could be explored in heavy metal remediation. Photocatalytic nanomaterials can effectively remove heavy metals either by adsorbing or precipitating them. CPE is a very efficient way to separate different types of aqueous solutions to pre-concentrate and remove trace levels of heavy metals from water and wastewater. Although research has demonstrated that CPE and photocatalytic nanomaterials can successfully filter out heavy metals from water, practical applications necessitate the development of more effective and scalable manufacturing processes. Improving extraction conditions, recovering resources, and reusing them are all part of this process, as is creating cost-effective synthesis methods. To make these procedures work with other heavy metal ions, it's important to make them more selective and specific.

Since India is one of the most populated countries in the world, there is a constant increase in the demand for food supply. To cater to the increased demand, the farmers use agrochemicals for crop protection and to enhance crop yield. Prolonged use of these agrochemicals, contaminates the groundwater, soil, and air, causing damage to our ecosystem and having adverse effects on human health. The present study reports the one-pot synthesis of graphene-CdS (GC) nanocomposites by a facile thermal decomposition approach. Thermal decomposition is an easy and cost-effective technique. It's a facile and more efficient method than other methods. The synthesized graphene-CdS nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, RAMAN spectroscopy, and FE-SEM analysis. The potential of GC nanocomposites has been explored as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of chlorpyrifos (CPY) in an aqueous solution. It was observed that the nanocomposites exhibit 89 % degradation efficiency in 90 minutes compared to the pristine CdS and Graphene. A detailed investigation of the degradation pathway and scavenger studies were also conducted. The Graphene-CdS hold scope and potential to be explored as an effective photocatalyst for the mineralization of agrochemicals. A novel Graphene/CdS nanocomposite synthesized via a thermal decomposition approach is used for the degradation of hazardous agrochemical, chlorpyrifos via, photocatalysis technique. The nanocomposite exhibits an excellent efficiency (89.9 %) for the removal of chloropyrifos.**image