Kathmandu Valley, the capital of Nepal, is located in the seismically active Himalayan belt and has a history of devastating earthquakes causing substantial loss of life and property damage. This study employs Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) using the Foulser-Piggott Attenuation (FPA) model and Travasarou et al. (2003) with R-CRISIS software to calculate Arias intensity in Kathmandu Valley. Historical and recent seismic data within a 500-km radius were analysed, and the earthquake catalogue was declustered and standardized using ZMAP software, a tool developed for the statistical analysis and visualization of earthquake catalogues. Additionally, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based topographic analysis was conducted to assess the impact of local topography on seismic site response providing insights into, slope, soil amplification factors, and shear wave velocity across the region. The results reveal Arias intensity values ranging from 0.225 to 0.241 m/s at 2% and 10% probability of exceedance corresponding to 475 and 2475 years, mapped using ArcGIS. The analysis revealed that southwestern Kathmandu and Lalitpur exhibit higher Arias intensity values, while intensity decreases gradually from southwest to northeast. The DEM analysis further revealed that areas with low slopes, particularly in central Kathmandu, have higher soil amplification factors, potentially amplifying seismic waves. The shear wave velocity distribution highlights lower values in sedimentary deposits, indicating increased seismic vulnerability. These findings emphasize the need for effective urban planning and disaster preparedness strategies to mitigate earthquake impacts in Kathmandu Valley.

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake holds significant historical importance in Portuguese history. The subsequent tsunami resulted in extensive destruction and damage, affecting not only Lisbon but also other regions of Portugal, Spain, and North Africa. This significant and hazardous event led to an increase in awareness about earthquake and tsunami risks, not only within Portugal but throughout Europe. This heightened awareness facilitated advancements in scientific developments, including design codes, standards, and earthquake engineering. However, recent studies focusing on hazard assessment for Lisbon are limited. For this reason, this paper aims to present a comprehensive probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for the Lisbon metropolitan area. The first stage of PSHA involves defining applicable and active seismic source models (area and line sources) within the study area. Subsequently, historical and instrumental earthquake records are collected to build a homogenized earthquake catalog, utilizing both global and local earthquake databases. Following this, the completeness level of the earthquake catalog is tested. By incorporating suitable ground motion models to the region and local soil characteristics, seismic hazard maps for various return periods and hazard curves in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) are developed. The findings based on the area source model agree with existing literature, indicating PGA values ranging from 0.3 g to 0.9 g, 0.2 g to 0.7 g, 0.2 g to 0.5 g, and 0.1 g to 0.3 g for return periods of 2475, 975, 475, and 50 years, respectively.

Following the 2016 Chauk earthquake in Bagan (Myanmar), numerous old pagodas and temples suffered severe damage. This research presents a study on the seismic hazard analysis of the Bagan city in Myanmar, based on a probabilistic framework focussing on analysing 43 temples with their associated local soil information. To this end, two seismic source models are developed based on the tectonic setting of the region and information available. Instrumental and historical records are compiled from both literature and international earthquake catalogues while conducting catalogue completeness. This study uses state-of-the-art ground motion models to perform probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and develop seismic hazard maps for different return periods in the region. Results are also expressed for selected temples in the region in terms of site-specific uniform hazard spectra. The findings indicate significant seismic activity, with peak ground acceleration in the region ranging from 0.25 to 0.36 g for a return period of 2475 years, 0.22-0.32 g for a return period of 975 years, and 0.18-0.24 g for a return period of 475 years. The updated hazard levels indicate that the literature slightly underestimates hazard in the region under study.