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Soil salinity typically exhibits non-uniform distribution in the natural environment. However, how vertically non-uniform distribution of soil salinity in the root zone (VNDSR) regulated plant nitrogen metabolism is still largely elusive. This study aimed to investigate the impact of VNDSR on leaf Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, upper and lower root activity, leaf Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/K+, various tomato organs' nitrogen concentration (%) and natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes (delta N-15,parts per thousand), and nitrogen utilization efficiency of tomato plants. Four treatments were established, including the upper layer of the root zone having soil salinity levels of 1 parts per thousand, 1 parts per thousand, 2 parts per thousand, and 3 parts per thousand, while the corresponding lower layer of the root zone had soil salinity levels of 1 parts per thousand, 5 parts per thousand, 4 parts per thousand, and 3 parts per thousand, respectively, denoted as T-1:1, T-1:5, T-2:4, and T-3:3. The results showed that under the same average soil salinity conditions and compared to the treatment with uniform soil salinity distribution in the root zone (T-3:3), the VNDSR treatment (T-1:5) significantly reduced leaf MDA content (p < 0.01), Na+/Ca2+ (p < 0.01) and Na+/K+ (p < 0.01), and stem delta N-15 values (p < 0.05). Moreover, the VNDSR treatment (T-1:5) significantly increased the ratio of upper and lower root biomass-weighted root activity (p < 0.01), tomato fruit yield (p < 0.01), and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFP, gg(-1), p < 0.01) compared to uniform salt distribution treatment (T-3:3). There were significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between leaf delta N-15 values and Nitrogen Absorption Ratio (NAR, %, p < 0.05) and PFP (p < 0.05), indicating that under VNDSR, delta N-15 values can serve as an indicator that comprehensively reflects the information of plant nitrogen utilization efficiency. In conclusion, the VNDSR could mitigate the damage of salt stress to tomatoes, enhance plant nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency, and promote the growth and development of tomatoes.

期刊论文 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105911 ISSN: 0098-8472

Reducing the size of clinoptilolite accentuates its structural attributes, notably mesoporosity and the silicaaluminum ratio, which enhanced its capabilities as an efficient adsorbent and modifier. This research aims to utilize the augmented small -size effect of clinoptilolite to develop a high-performance nano-clinoptilolite based nitrogen (N) fertilizer, to substitute an equivalent amount of urea. To this end, a two-year field experiment was conducted using a single -factor randomized complete block design, involving five different nanoclinoptilolite based N fertilizer mixed with urea (ZN) ratios: control treatment (100% Urea, CK); 20% Z & 80% Urea (Z2N8); 30% Z & 70% Urea (Z3N7); 40% Z & 60% Urea (Z4N6); 50% Z & 50% Urea (Z5N5). This study explored the effects of ZN on ammonia volatilization (AV), N runoff loss, N accumulation, N balance, yield, and ecological benefits in paddy fields. The results showed that Z2N8, Z3N7, Z4N6, and Z5N5 reduced the total AV losses by 8.57%, 20.52%, 30.20%, and 37.13% (two-year average), and reduced runoff losses by 23.29%, 29.93%, 39.66%, and 43.76%, respectively. Additionally, Z2N8, Z3N7, Z4N6, and Z5N5 increased whole -plant N accumulation by 24.32%, 16.84%, 9.00%, 4.85%, and raised rice yield by 15.28%, 10.28%, 6.99%, 5.05%, respectively. This result indicates that ZN can enhance N utilization, although the effectiveness diminishes with an increased application ratio. Furthermore, Z2N8, Z3N7, and Z4N6 lowered N surpluses by 48.77%, 25.84%, and 3.17%, respectively, while Z5N5 resulted in an increase in N surplus by 9.61% relative to the control. Compared to CK, nano-clinoptilolite based N fertilizer replacing 20% of urea (Z2N8) increased income by 14.75%, reduced environmental damage cost by 8.77%, and ultimately boosted net economic benefits by 5.33% and net economic and ecological benefits by 5.75%. In conclusion, Z2N8 can be contemplated as a compound fertilizer to be applied to farmland to enhance both economic and ecological benefits.

期刊论文 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142257 ISSN: 0959-6526
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