As a key cultural relic protection unit in China, the site of the Lidu Shochu Workshop has suffered deformation damage such as structural loosening and material deterioration following archaeological excavations. By means of on-site geological investigation, engineering geological mapping, drilling and indoor tests, the geotechnical type and spatial distribution characteristics, geotechnical setting and chemical properties of water and soil of the site where the Lidu Shochu Workshop was located were studied, and the main destruction mechanisms of the site remains based on the structural characteristics of the geotechnical setting were analyzed in depth. The results of the present study show that: (1) The site remains is subject to a strong alternating wet and dry conditions due to the site's location within the influence of perched water, the increased evaporation caused by the archaeological excavation that removed the upper layers of rock and soil of the site remains, which allowed for the continuous upward transport of perched water by capillary action, and the dynamic changes in the water table; (2) Due to the compartmentalization of the surrounding setting and the low lateral runoff, the perched water tends to accumulate more soluble salts that lead to a higher mineralization; (3) During the upward transport of water by capillary action, the soluble salts in the perched water are concentrated, crystallized and precipitated under evaporation, resulting in the crystallization of salts on the masonry surface of the site proper, which are mainly magnesium sulphate and calcium sulphate (gypsum); (4) In the crystallization process, magnesium sulphate and calcium sulphate (gypsum) swell in volume and corrode and destroy brick, sandstone and bonding materials, resulting in plaster disruption, weakening or failure of the bond, which lead to structural loosening, spalling and deformation.