The establishment of secure earth-independent long-term lunar habitats has been envisioned by numerous government agencies and private companies. Recent advancements in assessing seismic hazards caused by shallow moonquakes have highlighted the importance of incorporating this phenomenon into the design of robust and resilient lunar structures. However, further research is required to explore lunar habitat design that considers seismic loads. This paper proposes assessing the structural response of a lunar habitat made of sulfur concrete covered with a regolith layer. The numerical model of the structure is subjected to gravitational, internal pressure and seismic loads. The seismic analysis of the structure is carried out using spectral and nonlinear time history methods. Conditional mean spectra for shallow moonquakes with return periods of 75, 475, 970 and 2475 years are used in the seismic analysis. The records used for the temporal analyses were ground motions that agree with a preliminary seismic hazard on the Moon. The results of temporal analyses reveal that shallow moonquakes with return periods greater than 475 years can lead to the loss of the global stability of the structure. Consequently, the findings imply that seismic loads have the potential to impose unacceptable demands on lunar structures constructed from in-situ materials like sulfur concrete. Hence, it is imperative to incorporate seismic considerations in the design process for developing resilient and long-term lunar habitats.

BACKGROUND: Maintaining psychologically adaptive relationships among team members operating in an isolated, confined, and extreme (ice) environment for an extended period continues to be a challenge, with relevance for long-duration missions to the Moon and beyond. METHODS: two male architects were studied who lived and worked over a 60-d period in a polar ice environment in a lunar analog habitat they designed and helped construct. Psychological measures were completed at different points of the mission, including a post-mission debriefing interview. RESULTS: team members were highly different from each other on a number of personality traits, personal values, and stress and coping factors. Marked differences were noted on NeO-Pi-3 agreeableness and extraversion personality traits, and Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) stimulation, Power, and achievement values. team effectiveness Questionnaire (teQ) findings showed consistency between team members with high ratings on the Passion and commitment and Purpose and Goals scales, and low ratings on the Roles scale. the leveling influence of decision authority and its deleterious effect on interpersonal interactions and work performance was evident. the interior design with attention to materials that made it more earth-like and the circadian lighting system were associated with ease of work performance and promotion of relaxation and privacy. DISCUSSION: the study findings demonstrated the impact of incompatibility in personality traits and values on team performance, challenges regarding decision authority in a long-term dyadic relationship, and highlighted the human factors components of the habitat that facilitated effective individual and team functioning. IP: 14.98.160.66 On: Thu, 03 Feb 2022 15:55:45 Copyright: Aerospace Medical Association