A field measurement was conducted on an H-pile driven into a multilayer soil profile to analyze the axial stresses/forces generated on the pile during bridge construction activities. Vibrating wire strain gauges and piezometers were utilized, and dynamic testing was conducted for this purpose. Measurements revealed that the pile's pre-installation and temperature changes after installation in cooler ground caused shifts in strain gauge readings. Furthermore, driving an adjacent pile into the vicinity equivalent to four pile diameters, caused a notable increase in pore water pressure, resulting in decreased stresses on the pile. Concreting on top of the pile induced compressive stress during the first day, followed by a considerable decrease and development of tension on the pile over the next two days. Considering the residual force due to pile installation, force distribution, neutral plane location, and maximum axial force along the shaft were different and higher than in the case where this force was ignored. This paper presents a robust methodology to evaluate forces/stresses in a pile subject to installation through to final loading, including drag force effects based on instrumentation measurements. This novel approach provides a better understanding of drag force impacts on actual load capacity under final production loading.

The pile capacity is commonly calculated by the engineers as the lesser of its structural capacity and the ultimate resistance of ground supporting it using a generalized equation irrespective of the shaft type, socket diameter, socket length, rock type and grout strength. This equation may be over -simplified and risky if the pile/grout/rock interaction is not considered. Based on the loading tests of 6 instrumented socketed piles with 4-6 m rock socket by others and 35 non -instrumented socketed H -piles with 5-34 m rock socket by the author, the load -transfer mechanism in long rock socket is found dependent not only on the mobilization of shear resistance in soil and rock layers, but also largely on the steel/grout bond behavior. A side resistance distribution factor a s is introduced as a simple and practical index to represent the load -transfer mechanism along the pile shaft and to the socket. It would increase with an increase in loading and pile length in soils, but decrease with an increase in socket length indicating that critical socket length does exist which is likely depending on the grout bond strength. Average bond stress reduces with increased socket length when the critical socket length is exceeded. Residual settlement is largely due to the slip and bond failure at the interface. Creep settlement is largely affected by the properties of grout mix and tends to increase with increased socket length. (c) 2024 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Geotechnical Society. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC -ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Integral abutment bridges (IABs) are a family of jointless bridges that have gained popularity owing to their simplified designs and sustainable construction practices. IABs are small- and medium-span bridges that do not have expansion joints or bearings, thereby reducing the cost of maintenance. The span of IABs is primarily dependent on the magnitude of the thermal stresses considered during the design process. However, the adoption of IABs has been limited globally because of the inherent complexity of the design caused by the large number of indeterminacies originating from rigid connections and soil-spile interactions. This has led to variations in the design of IABs among transportation agencies worldwide. This literature review aims to highlight the variations in major IAB projects constructed worldwide. Additionally, the bibliographic analysis performed for IABs identified key topics studied by researchers, which are discussed in detail in the current state-ofthe-art. The objective of this literature survey is to provide practical bridge designers and researchers with an understanding of previous and ongoing developments in IABs.