Ginger is a significant ethnobotanical and pharmacological crop consisting of potential bioactive constituents responsible for their nutraceutical value, they can have anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antinausea, antimicrobial, pain alleviation, antitumor, antioxidant and protective effects on respiratory disease, and agerelated disease. Ginger possesses a substantial value, but its production and general quality are greatly harmed by various biotic and abiotic stressors, to which it is highly susceptible. Fungi are the most damaging disease-causing agents, one of the devastating fungal pathogens in ginger is Fusarium spp., a soil and seed-borne pathogen resulting in poor production, poor quality, and decreased economic returns to the farmers. It infects ginger in every stage of development and each plant part even during post-harvest storage. This review emphasizes a comprehensive understanding of the nutraceutical value of ginger compounds, and Fusarium disease in ginger with its pathogenicity. Moreover, this review elaborates on an improvement of ginger yield by the management of the Fusarium pathogen through the biological and biotechnological approach.

The alarming issue of food waste, coupled with the potential risks posed by petroleum-based plastic preservation materials to both the environment and human health necessitate innovative solutions. In this study, we prepared nanoemulsions (NEs) of chitosan (CS) and ginger essential oil (GEO) and systematically evaluated the effects of varying NEs concentrations (0, 10 %, 30 %, 50 %) on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of gelatin films. These films were subsequently applied to blueberry preservation. The scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the NEs were well-integrated with the Gel matrix, significantly enhancing the performance of the Gel films, including improvements of mechanical properties (tensile strength from 7.71 to 19.92 MPa; elongation at break from 38.55 to 113.65 %), thermal, and barrier properties (water vapor permeability from 1.52 x 10(-9)to 6.54 x 10(-10) g & sdot;m/Pa & sdot;s & sdot;m(2)). The films exhibited notable antibacterial and antioxidant activities due to the gradual release of GEO, thereby extending the storage life of blueberries. Moreover, the prepared composite films demonstrated excellent biodegradability and environmental friendliness, with the majority of the material decomposing within 30 days under soil microbial action. In conclusion, the active films loaded with NEs exhibit superior performance and hold significant potential for developing biodegradable materials for food preservation.

In recent years, global climate anomalies and frequent flooding disasters have led to large-scale reduction and even crop failures of ginger production, severely restricting the normal production of ginger. However, the mitigation mechanism under waterlogging stress has not been reported in ginger. In order to investigate the physiological mechanism of the mitigation of waterlogging stress in ginger, the experiment was set up by soil application of urea peroxide(UHP) of different concentration (T1: 0 g & sdot; L - 1 ; T2: 40 g & sdot; L - 1 ; T3: 80 g & sdot; L - 1 ; T4:120 g & sdot; L - 1 ) after 2 d of waterlogging. The results showed that waterlogging stress significantly increased the accumulation of ROS and membrane lipid peroxidation in ginger roots and leaves. The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance were significantly decreased, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Fv/Fm and Phi PSII of T1 were reduced by 123.5%, 18.8%, and 43.4% compared with that of CK, respectively. Exogenous application of UHP significantly improved the growth of ginger seedlings after waterlogging stress. UHP promoted the rapid recovery of ginger seedlings under waterlogging stress by restoring the normal physiological activity of the root system, and the root activity of T3 was significantly increased by 118.9% compared with that of T1. UHP protected the cellular structure of ginger leaves and improved the H 2 O-CO 2 exchange capacity, and the Pn and stomatal conductance (Gs) of T3 were significantly increased by 961% and 21.8% compared with that of T1, respectively. In addition, the Fv/Fm and Phi PSII of T3 were increased by 20.6% and 48.2% compared with that of T1, respectively. UHP also significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the levels of ROS and membrane damage were significantly reduced.