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The present study aims to examine the behavior of sand reliquefaction phenomenon on gently inclined sloping ground subjected to repeated seismic events. The seismic sequence represents the combinations of foreshocks and aftershocks associated with mainshock events. Free field and pile group models were experimented with in a sloping ground with 5 degrees inclination using centrifuge modelling. A 2 x 2 pile group model was inserted in Toyoura sand, and results were compared with that with free field model ground. Tapered sinusoidal waveform was inputted at a constant 1 Hz shaking frequency, whereas the acceleration amplitude and shaking duration for the mainshocks were considered twice that of foreshocks and aftershocks. Two different seismic sequences with six shaking events were imparted to the model grounds to investigate the influence of slope and presence of pile group on sand reliquefaction behavior. The time history responses were recorded in the form of acceleration, excess pore pressure (EPP), bending moment, and lateral displacement and presented. The response indicates that sloping ground was stable under the action of foreshocks, whereas it collapsed during mainshocks, primarily due to liquefaction. The mainshock has transformed the gently inclined sloping ground to levelled ground model. This transformation has resulted in increased bending moment values in the pile group. Resistance to reliquefaction was smaller compared to first liquefaction, primarily due to change in soil state and increase in magnitude of anisotropy. Presence of slope has resulted in higher EPP response and bending moment values compared to levelled ground. GeoPIV analysis and visualization show the flow of sand particles from upside to downside due to lateral spreading at shallow depths that initiated the slope failure. The foreshocks and aftershocks are not very significant in increasing the resistance to reliquefaction. Meanwhile the presence of the pile group has reduced the EPP generation during repeated shaking events.

期刊论文 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/cgj-2024-0386 ISSN: 0008-3674
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