The state of Pinus cultivation in southern Brazil, from the perspective of potential environmental damage, is controversial. Little is known about naturally regenerated forests after clear-cutting Pinus, particularly regarding ferns, forest structure, and soil composition. This study evaluated differences in fern community structure, forest attributes, and soil properties in a regeneration area 15 years after P. elliottii removal, compared to an Araucaria Forest in the Canela National Forest, Brazil. A 1-hectare plot was divided into 100 m2 subplots, with 12 units randomly selected at each site. In each subplot, all fern species were recorded, and their coverage was measured. Forest and soil parameters were also collected. In the Pinus removal area, forest regeneration shows a fern community with lower species richness, greater floristic homogeneity, and a simplified structure compared to the reference area. Tree species structure differs between sites, with a high density of Pinus and absence of Araucaria angustifolia in the regeneration area. These trees are taller, form a more closed canopy, and create thicker leaf litter. The soil at the regeneration site has lower nutritional quality, greater acidity, and higher aluminum concentration compared to the natural forest. Assisted regeneration is recommended to accelerate and improvide forest recovery.

Context. Sus scrofa is a species that easily adapts to diverse environments and climatic zones. In urban and suburban spaces, its presence negatively impacts soil, crops, and animal production, posing health risks for other animals and even humans. Declared a national pest in Uruguay, it is one of the main predators of sheep. A deeper knowledge of its habitat, current distribution, and the environmental factors that influence its locations is required to develop an adequate programme to control its population. Aims. To determine the spatial distribution of wild boars in Uruguay and its association with environmental factors concerning livestock production, on the basis of a survey administered to farmers. Methods. The survey was completed by 2360 farmers, gathering information on the presence of wild boars and other wildlife animals on their farms, methods used for wild boar control, economic damages caused by the species, number of sheep, and types of land-cover besides pastures (native woodlands, shelter forests, pine plantations, and eucalyptus plantations). Key results. Farms located in the Northeast region, with native woodlands and/or pine plantations, and larger than 500 ha were more likely to report the presence of wild boars. The presence of eucalyptus plantations did not affect the presence of wild boars in any region of the country. While the presence of sheep, free- ranging dogs, or wild boars on neighbouring farms affected the presence of wild boars, the existence of eucalyptus plantations showed no effect across any region of the country. On the other hand, the presence of wild boars increased in association with the presence of pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus). Conclusions. These results provide valuable information regarding the current distribution of an invasive exotic ungulate, and factors influencing the probability of reporting its presence.