Ezine Stream Watershed, located in the Black Sea Region, Kastamonu, T & uuml;rkiye, is a flood-prone area. A devastating flood occurred on August 11, 2021, causing 70 fatalities and considerable damage to structures along the stream channel. In this study, a hydrodynamic model of the watershed was developed using the Environmental Protection Agency's Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). The main channel and floodplain were simultaneously modeled utilizing the 'irregular channel' option in SWMM. The model was calibrated and verified using historical precipitation and discharge data. The validity was further evaluated by comparing outputs with observations from photos and videos taken on-site by local authorities and residents during the flood. The model was manually calibrated focusing on optimizing depression storage, soil drying time, curve number, and roughness coefficients for the channels and subcatchments. The model results served as the basis for implementing flood control strategies. Three scenarios were proposed for flood mitigation: the implementation of a newly designed improved channel, the construction of a flood control dam, and the installation of 15 check dams. The flood mitigation effectiveness of each scenario was assessed, and a thorough analysis was conducted to determine the optimal choice for the region. Consequently, each scenario played a significant role in reducing the peak flow rate. Among these scenarios, the flood control dam demonstrated the most substantial impact on reducing the flood flow. This study offers beneficial findings to the decision-makers on flood control planning in the watershed and contributes to future research in the field.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) became mandatory in Pakistan in 1983 with the passage of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance. The Sustainable Development Goals were incorporated into Pakistan's national development strategy, making it the first country in history to do so. The study is based on evaluating the mitigation strategies and environmental impact assessment at the Gulpur Hydropower Project (HPP), Kotli, AJK, which uses the Poonch River's water resources to generate power and has a design capacity of 100 MW using the EIA documentation of Gulpur HPP. In addition to making additional observations and reviewing the literature, the study looked at Mira Power Limited's EIA reports. The possible effects, as well as the Government's and MPL's mitigating actions, were examined by the authors. EIA procedures at the Gulpur HPP considered several laws, including the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, AJK Wildlife Ordinance of 2013, the Land Acquisition Act of 1894, and Laws Regulating Flow Releases for Hydropower Projects. Projects using hydropower in delicate areas carry a high risk. Given the thorough analysis of the hazards in this instance, it is evident that the EIA had a significant impact on the project's design. The authors concluded that there are no negative environmental effects of the construction of hydropower projects in the concerned area and that all potential effects and compensation were handled legally and efficiently. The study suggested that all hydropower projects in Pakistan undertake environmental impact assessments. Evaluating the mitigation strategies and environmental impact assessment at the Gulpur Hydropower Project.EIA procedures at the Gulpur HPP considered several laws, including the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency.The development of hydropower projects in the affected area had no negative environmental effects, and any potential effects or compensation were handled lawfully and effectively.