The global wide threatening problem is the pollution, especially water and soil pollution are biggest threats to our people. The pollution not only damages the resources but also enters the ecosystem and impairs our health. The pollution disfigures the fertility of the soil and contaminates the groundwater table which is the most reliable source of all living organisms. Due to urbanization of people and scarcity of the water resources, the people rely on the groundwater for the domestic and drinking needs. Earlier researches include the bioremediation and physico-chemical mechanisms in removal of toxic/heavy metals from water but still faced several post-treatment issues. The advancement in science and technology paved a path as nanotechnology to overcome these problems. In this current investigation, the CuO nanoparticles (CuONPs) and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized from endophytic fungal strain and characterized which were previously reported. The groundwater samples were collected near, in, and around of the garbage-dump site of Vellalore-Kurichi village, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; three areas were selected, and water samples were collected. The basic physico-chemical parameters such as BOD, COD, TDS, hardness, pH, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, and heavy metal(s) of the collected samples were analyzed. The adsorption studies were initiated with three different concentrations of CuONPs and ZnONPs in 100 mL of polluted groundwater samples, and the kinetics was started with 0th min and extended till 180 min. The adsorption rate increased with the increase in time; the CuONPs and ZnONPs adsorbed the few pollutants that also included arsenic (V) effectively. The nanoremediated samples were further taken to determine the effectiveness in aiding the plant growth promotion, and this was executed in Trigonella sp. plants. The plants were grown well which was compared to the control plants, and the phytochemical assessment was carried out. The presence of phytochemicals of the plants grown in nanoremediated samples was similar to that of control plants. Further, the CuONPs and ZnONPs have the ability in remediating the pollutants/contaminants in the groundwater.

The symbiosis between endophytic fungi and plants can promote the absorption of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients by plants. Phosphorus is one of the indispensable nutrient elements for plant growth and development. However, the content of available phosphorus in soil is very low, which limits the growth of plants. Phosphorus-soluble microorganisms can improve the utilization rate of insoluble phosphorus. In this study, Talaromyces verruculosus (T. verruculosus), a potential phosphorus-soluble fungus, was isolated from Acer truncatum, a plant with strong stress resistance, and its phosphorus-soluble ability in relation to cucumber seedlings under different treatment conditions was determined. In addition, the morphological, physiological, and biochemical indexes of the cucumber seedlings were assessed. The results show that T. verruculosus could solubilize tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and lecithin, and the solubilization effect of lecithin was higher than that of TCP. After the application of T. verruclosus, the leaf photosynthetic index increased significantly. The photosynthetic system damage caused by low phosphorus stress was alleviated, and the root morphological indexes of cucumber seedlings were increased. The plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area of cucumber seedlings treated with T. verruculosus were also significantly higher than those without treatment. Therefore, it was shown that T. verruculosus is a beneficial endophytic fungus that can promote plant growth and improve plant stress resistance. This study will provide a useful reference for further research on endophytic fungi to promote growth and improve plant stress resistance.