Rapid infrastructure development worldwide is necessary for national development and economic growth due to booming population, globalization, and industrialization. However, at the cost of this, our environment is receiving a lot of pollution in air, soil, and water in the form of incompatible pollutants. This paper has intensely reviewed the use of biochar, a porous, carbon-rich solid by-product obtained through carefully controlled thermochemical conversion produced from different feedstocks of leftover biomass for infrastructure development and the cement industry, as structural concrete filler and recent advancements in technical and economic aspects for sustainable development. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications in concrete using biochar can play a vital role in reducing carbon footprint by adsorbing carbon and reducing cement usage. Concrete mixes can be produced using biomass residue based biochar from varying feedstocks in varying proportions, ranging from 0.5 to 10% by weight, and an analysis of its physical and chemical characteristics, as well as carbon capture ability, have also been discussed.

Global warming has greatly threatened the human living environment and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is recognized as a promising way to reduce carbon emissions. Mineral storage is considered a reliable option for long-term carbon storage. Basalt rich in alkaline earth elements facilitates rapid and permanent CO2 fixation as carbonates. However, the complex CO2-fluid-basalt interaction poses challenges for assessing carbon storage potential. Under different reaction conditions, the carbonation products and carbonation rates vary. Carbon mineralization reactions also induce petrophysical and mechanical responses, which have potential risks for the long-term injectivity and the carbon storage safety in basalt reservoirs. In this paper, recent advances in carbon mineralization storage in basalt based on laboratory research are comprehensively reviewed. The assessment methods for carbon storage potential are introduced and the carbon trapping mechanisms are investigated with the identification of the controlling factors. Changes in pore structure, permeability and mechanical properties in both static reactions and reactive percolation experiments are also discussed. This study could provide insight into challenges as well as perspectives for future research. (c) 2024 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.