In view of the pollution of unpaved road dust in the current mines, this study demonstrated the excellent dust suppression performance of the dust suppressant by testing the dynamic viscosity, penetration depth and mechanical properties of the dust suppressant, and apply molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the interactions between substances. The results showed that the maximum dust suppression rate was 97.75 % with a dust suppressant formulation of 0.1 wt% SPI + 0.03 wt% Paas + NaOH. The addition of NaOH disrupts the hydrogen bonds between SPI molecules, which allows the SPN to better penetrate the soil particles and form effective bonding networks. The SPI molecules rapidly absorb onto the surface of soil particles through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The crosslinking between SPI molecules connects multiple soil particles, forming larger agglomerates. The polar side chain groups in the SPN interact with soil particles through dipole-dipole interactions, further stabilizing the agglomerates and resulting in an enhanced dust suppression effect. Soil samples treated with SPN exhibited higher compressive strength values. This is primarily attributed to the stable network structure formed by the SPN dust suppressant within the soil. Additionally, the SPI molecules and sodium polyacrylate (Paas) molecules in SPN contain multiple active groups, which interact under the influence of NaOH, restricting the rotation and movement of molecular chains. From a microscopic perspective, the SPN dust suppressant further strengthens the interactions between soil particles through mechanisms such as liquid bridge forces, which contribute to the superior dust suppression effect at the macroscopic level.

The effect of several prevalent cations (including Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+, and Fe3+) on the adsorption of monochlorobenzene (MCB) onto bentonite was investigated at the coexistence of nonionic surfactant Tween 80 (T80) in surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER). They are all favorable for MCB and T80 adsorption, especially Mg2+ and Ca2+. Adsorption of MCB is strongly depended on T80 micelles. When its concentration exceeds the solubility, MCB is easier to bind with T80 micelles and be adsorbed by bentonite. Acidic environment can facilitate MCB and T80 adsorption, but the effect of cations on the adsorption is most significant under alkaline conditions. Adsorption capacity of MCB increases first followed by a slight decrease with increasing cations concentrations. The maximum adsorption rate of MCB determined is about 68.4% in a solution containing Mg2+ in the isothermal adsorption of MCB, while it is only 6.8% in a cation -free solution. Various characterizations showed that cations mainly changed the repulsion between bentonite particles and T80 micelles and the agglomeration and structure of bentonite, thus affecting the adsorption of MCB and T80 micelles. Our research demonstrated the nonnegligible promotion of MCB adsorption on bentonite by cations and acidic environment, which will adversely affect SER efficiency.