Early water stress detection is important for water use yield and sustainability. Traditional methods using the Internet of Things (IoT), such as soil moisture sensors, usually do not provide timely alerts, causing inefficient water use and, in some cases, crop damage. This research presents an innovative early water stress detection method in lettuce plants using Thermal Infrared (TIR) and RGB images in a controlled lab setting. The proposed method integrates advanced image processing techniques, including background elimination via Hue-Saturation- Value (HSV) thresholds, wavelet denoising for thermal image enhancement, RGB-TIR fusion using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering to segment stress regions. The leaves stressed areas annotated in the RGB image through yellow pseudo-coloring. This approach is predicated on the fact that when stomata close, transpiration decreases, which causes an increase in the temperature of the affected area. Experimental results reveal that this new approach can detect water stress up to 84 h earlier than conventional soil humidity sensors. Also, a comparative analysis was conducted where key components of the proposed hybrid framework were omitted. The results show inconsistent and inaccurate stress detection when excluding wavelet denoising and PCA fusion. A comparative analysis of image processing performed on a single- board computer (SBC) and through cloud computing over 5 G showed that SBC was 8.27% faster than cloud computing over a 5 G connection. The proposed method offers a more timely and accurate identification of water stress and promises significant benefits in improving crop yield and reducing water usage in indoor farming.

Landslides are downward movements of soil, rock, and debris along slopes, and pose significant risks to communities, especially in inhabited areas as they can cause severe damage, including the destruction of infrastructure and loss of life. Solutions for prediction and mitigation strategies are crucial, which often relying on rainfall forecasting and monitoring through sensor and IoT technologies. However, such solutions can be costly and challenging to implement, particularly in developing countries. By taking advantage of 5G networks, this paper proposes an innovative Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)-based solution to estimate the landslide risk and assist in mitigation actions in advance. Our solution also incorporates Software-Defined Networks (SDN) to manage the collected real-time data, compute the landslide risk, and notify users in the affected area. Results show that adopting 5G RSSI can significantly improve the accuracy in detecting rains and landslides, as shown by a high Pearson correlation coefficient (0.984), a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0087, and a coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.6185 for the RSSI-bases solution.

按照川藏铁路建设"高起点、高标准、高质量"要求,分析青藏铁路ITCS系统技术特点,思考川藏铁路新一代智能列车运行控制系统发展目标,构建北斗卫星导航与新一代铁路专用移动通信系统(5G-R)结合的CTCS-4级列车运行控制系统,实现列车运行控制的全面感知、安全运行、移动追踪、高可靠性、少维护的工作目标,对于国内高速铁路新一代列控系统发展有很好现实指导意义。