Phytophthora root and stem rot is a disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae that can lead to severe damage in soybean. Disease management involves the use of resistant soybean varieties, which can have either complete resistance through Rps genes or partial resistance. The pathogen population has rapid evolution and constant changes in pathogenicity, thus, new pathotypes of the pathogen capable of overcoming Rps genes are frequently reported. In addition to genetic resistance, other control methods of Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean include seed treatment with oomycides/fungicides, use of biological and alternative products, and cultural practices that promote soil drainage and avoid compaction. This review provides detailed and up-to-date information on P. sojae, its interaction with soybean, the diversity of the pathogen population, and control methods of Phytophthora root and stem rot focused on host genetic resistance.
