Strong ground motions with specific site characteristics can lead to structural damage. Comprehending the effects of site characteristics on the dynamic response of structures is crucial for evaluating seismic performance and thereby implementing design that can mitigate potential damage. This study explores how the site characteristics, including the average shear wave velocity, soil depth to rock, and site period, influence the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings. Soil column models were created using 319 soil profiles located in California and were employed to perform the nonlinear site response analysis of 80 rock motions to generate surface motions. Subsequently, low-to high-rise reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames with four, eight, twelve, and twenty stories that are representative of California were modeled to conduct nonlinear structural analyses. In this process, the influence of the three site characteristics on the response of the surface motions and structures was investigated. This investigation revealed that structural responses tend to increase when the average shear wave velocity ranges from 180 to 360 m/s or when the depth exceeds 135 m. Additionally, structures with a natural period exceeding 1 s were found to be more vulnerable as the number of stories increased. The outcomes will promote the development of seismic design methods based on different site characteristics.
