In earthquake-resistant design, the characteristics of ground motion and soil conditions play a crucial role. Soil liquefaction, a critical issue in earthquake engineering, leads to significant ground deformations, including lateral spreading, settlements, and shear strain accumulation. While extensive research has focused on single-fault rupture, the impact of multiple-fault ruptures on liquefiable soils remains underexplored. This study examines the dynamic behavior of liquefiable soils subjected to single and multiple-fault ruptures through two-dimensional nonlinear fully coupled effective stress analyses within the Open Source Earthquake Engineering System (OpenSees) framework. The seismic response of saturated sandy soils with varying relative densities is simulated by the Pressure Dependent Multi Yield Material 02 (PDMY02) model. Three seismic records (Antakya record from the 2023 Kahramanmara & scedil; earthquake, Sakarya record from the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, and Izmit aftershock record from the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake) were analyzed to assess settlements, lateral spreading, and excess pore water pressure. The results demonstrate that multiple-fault ruptures induce more complex and severe soil responses than single ruptures. These findings enhance the understanding of soil behavior under seismic loading, emphasizing the necessity of considering multiple-fault ruptures in liquefaction analysis for improved earthquake resilience.
