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Soil liquefaction is a significant cause of damage to buildings and structures during earthquakes, with several hazards, including ground failure, lateral spreading, soil oscillation, sand boiling, loss of bearing capacity, and settlement. Various soil improvement techniques aim to enhance the mechanical properties of soil, increasing bearing capacity, reducing volumetric deformations, and providing predictable soil behavior. This study examines the effectiveness of deep soil mixing (DSM) columns in reducing liquefaction hazards beneath raft foundations using a three-dimensional finite element method in the Midas GTS NX environment. The influence of DSM column (individual and wall) arrangements, diameter, height, and area improvement ratio on the foundation in reducing liquefaction potential and specifically excesss pore water pressure has been studied. The lambda\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\lambda$$\end{document} parameter, defined as the ratio of pore water pressure in the improved state to the unimproved state, is introduced to express the results better. The study finds that increasing the percentage of area improvement using DSM columns reduces the excess pore water ratio, and the individual column arrangement (ICA) is more effective than the wall column arrangement (WCA). The excess pore water pressure is primarily influenced by the area improvement ratio factor, as evidenced by the continued reduction of the excess pore water pressure ratio with increasing area improvement ratio in both column arrangements.

来源平台：GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING