There are currently two main criteria to identify the triggering time of soil liquefaction, namely when the excess pore water pressure reaches vertical effective overburden stress or the double-amplitude axial strain reaches 5 %. However, several researchers have pointed out that the excess pore water pressure may not reach confining pressure at some certain conditions, and the cycle numbers reaching liquefaction obtained by adopting two criteria for calcareous sand specimens are inconsistent, which may lead to overestimation or underestimation of the liquefaction resistance of calcareous sand. Therefore, this study introduces a parameter with physical meaning, secant shear modulus to evaluate the liquefaction potential of soil. To do that, a series of undrained shear tests were conducted on three types of sand. Firstly, the experimental results demonstrated that the difference in cycle numbers to liquefaction obtained by the two criteria increases with the increase of relative density. In addition, the study found that the degradation law of secant shear modulus with the number of cycles is not affected by loading conditions, initial state of soil, and soil type. On this basis, based on the relationship between secant shear modulus gradient and pore pressure ratio, it is highlighted that the liquefaction process can be quantitatively divided into three stages and the moment of liquefaction triggering can be correctly identified. Finally, the proposed liquefaction criterion is compared with widely used traditional criteria and latest apparent viscosity-based criterion, and the results showed that the liquefaction resistance obtained by the proposed criterion was more conservative, which benefits for reducing the occurrence of large strain development.

来源平台：SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING