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Studying the combined phytotoxicity of PFOA with Fe2O3 or MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) is paramount for addressing the remediation of PFOA-contaminated agricultural soils and assessing the efficacy of nanoparticle-assisted phytoremediation strategies. By exposing radish plants to PFOA with/without Fe2O3 or MnO2 NPs for 60 days, this study delved into radish biomass, PFOA accumulation, chlorophyll pigments, antioxidant defenses, and nutrient contents. Key findings showed that PFOA at environmentally relevant levels (20 mu g/kg) were highly toxic to radish plants. PFOA accumulated significantly in radish organs, especially in the shoots. Additionally, PFOA exposure had a detrimental impact on radish growth. However, the application of Fe2O3 and MnO2 NPs facilitated the translocation of PFOA up to shoots, thereby reducing its accumulation in the edible roots. Additionally, they could significantly increase radish biomass and mitigate the damages caused by PFOA, evidenced by lower MDA contents and higher amino acid contents. This study highlights the potential of nanoparticle-enhanced phytoremediation as an effective approach for PFOA-polluted agricultural soils. By promoting the translocation of harmful pollutants away from edible plant parts and enhancing plant growth and resilience, Fe2O3 and MnO2 NPs offer a promising avenue for sustainable soil remediation strategies.

来源平台：WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION