天山托木尔型山谷冰川度日因子空间参数化方案实验研究

冰川消融 过程观测 度日因子 参数化方案 模型模拟
许民 2016-01 项目
Abstract:In Northwest China, glacial melt represents a very significant source of streamflow, especially in arid and semi-arid inland river basins. Degree-day model has been widely applied in the estimation of meltwater, and the Degree-day factor is an important parameter in model, the model can not simulate well the change of ablation during the year when use a fixed value of Degree-day factor. And the research of study on the spatial sparameterization schemes of Degree-day Factors in a valley glacier of Tomur in Tianshan has not yet commenced. This item will rely on the observation system of Koxkar Glacier Basin Filed station, it draws up to observed the ablation of glacier and snow which consider the slope and the thinkness of debris-covered in different altitude. We will study on the spatial and temporal difference of degree-day factors and analysis the regular pattern of variation on the valley glacier based meteorological data in glacier area. And we analysis the relationship between Degree-day factor and the thickness of debris, temperature, sonw, the movement of glacier and terrain. Considering that, this item will improve parameterized scheme of distributed glacial ablation model and couple the degree-day mass-balance model with HBV model which considered the spatial change of Degree-day factors. On this basis, the extended HBV model will be applied to simulate the hydrological processes in the Koxkar Glacier Basin, and the result will also be cpmpared with observation data and simulated result of original model which consider the single-factor degree-day, then we discuss the estimation and composition of glacial runoff which was influenced by the spatial and temporal difference of degree-day factors in hydrological model. Finally, we intend to provide reference for spatial sparameterization schemes of Degree-day factors in the glacier hydrological model .
摘要:冰川融水是我国西北地区水资源重要来源。度日模型在冰川消融估算中应用较为广泛,度日因子是该模型的重要参数。对于冰面特性复杂的天山托木尔型山谷冰川,利用单一度日因子的度日模型不能较好模拟消融的年内变化过程。目前针对此类型冰川度日因子的参数化方案研究尚未展开。本项目拟依托天山托木尔峰南坡科其喀尔冰川观测站,在消融期利用花杆对冰川不同海拔高度、坡度坡向、表碛厚度区分别进行消融观测试验。结合气象观测数据,计算度日因子的时空分布特征,分析表碛厚度、地形、地表温度、冰川运动以及降雪对度日因子的影响机理,构建度日因子的空间参数化方案。在此基础上,完善传统度日模型中度日因子的参数化方案并耦合到HBV水文模型中进行试验;以观测的径流为基础,对比原来冰川消融估算方案和度日因子参数化的消融方案的模拟效果。探讨度日因子时空差异对冰川径流估算的影响,为托木尔型山谷冰川的消融估算中提供度日因子参数化方案参考依据。