It is of great importance to study on the hydrologic cycle and the transformation law of water resources for the efficient utilization of water resources and the improvement of fragile ecological environment. This program is on the background of water scarcity, groundwater drawdown and ecological deterioration in the arid oasis of northwest China. This study will follow the profound understanding of the transformation law among irrigation water (precipitation), soil water and groundwater, and of the water cycle variation along with the development of irrigation farming in the oases. Numerical simulation method will be used for quantitative revealing the relationship of canal seepage and groundwater recharge. Based on the land use situation and the spatial distribution of canal system, the water resources transformation model for regional scale will be established to study the transformation law of water resources in the typical region, focus on analyzing the transformation relationship of water resources for cropland and canal system considering the water delivery process under natural condition. Moreover, the simulation and prediction of the water cycle process for regional scale will be conducted under the conditions of different farming activities. Finally, the environment-friendly cropping structure and the utilization mode of water resources are obtained in the arid oasis. The objective of this study is to establish a water resources transformation model for regional scale which can accurately describe the transformation process of water resources, aim to answer to below two scientific questions, i.e. how farming activities influence the water cycle process for regional scale in the arid oases? How to quantify the transformation relationship of water resources? This study can provide a scientific evidence for the reasonable development, utilization and allocation of water resources, and a decision basis for the government.