雅鲁藏布大峡谷格嘎古堰塞湖年代及沉积结构研究

冰川阻江 释光技术 沉积物结构 地貌演化 高山峡谷区
刘维明 2014-01 项目
Thourgh calculating the regional equilibrium line altitude, where long-term glacier mass gain equals mass loss,glacial damms may have played an important role in the stability of the plateau border and triggered outburst floods. There was ever a large ancestral ice-dammed lake at the entrance of Tsangpo gorge and many megafloods down Tasangpo gorge during the last glaciation. Those are important for understanding that hypothesis. But there is till lack of detail study for the age of dammed lake and the number of floods. Based on pramary work, the systematic OSL dating of lacustrine deposits will be made for its formation age and duration time. Three typical sections of lacustrine deposits were seclected for analizing sedimentary macrostructure in the field, microstructure under the microscope, and paleomagnetic secular variation. These are the evidence for many floods. This study provides time scale and direct evidence of multiple outburst flood for quantitative evaluation the glacial dam effects Tsangpo gorge surface processes.
通过计算冰期时的冰川位置,发现冰川阻江可能对稳定高原边界起到了重要作用,可能引发多次溃决洪水造成强烈的地表侵蚀。末次冰期时,雅鲁藏布大峡谷入口处,发育的古冰川堰塞湖,称之为格嘎古堰塞湖,成为检验该观点的重要地质证据,但是该古堰塞湖年代和记录的溃决洪水次数还缺乏详细研究。本项目拟在前期工作的基础上,一方面系统的研究格嘎古堰塞湖沉积物的光释光年代和分布,确定其形成年代及稳定存在时间。另一方面,选择三个典型的湖相沉积剖面,通过粒度测试,野外和室内的沉积观察侵蚀面、斜层理和表面风化破坏等溃决洪水特征,结合光释光年代和沉积记录的古地场长期变化得出的沉积旋回持续时间,确定古洪水发生的次数,并计算溃决洪水。为定量评价冰川阻江对大峡谷地表过程的影响提供时间标尺及是否存在多次溃决洪水的直接证据。