西藏扎墨公路不同山地垂直地带的泥石流形成机理和成灾规律研究

泥石流 山地垂直带 西藏扎墨公路 形成机理 成灾规律
程尊兰 2014-01 项目
Zhamo highway is located in the southwest Tibet, which has been suffering from frequent debris flows, landslides, avalanches, and floods in the last 50 years, because of its high relief (from 4300m alt at the Duorela Mountain pass down to 710m alt at the bank of Yaluzangbu River) and complex conditions of geomorphology and climate. As one of most frequent and serious disasters, debris flow is widely distributed and controlled by the vertical zonation. This study tries to explore the 8 vertical zones along the highway and their influences on debris flow on the basis of field investigation both on regions and individual gullies, combining with the indoor experiments and analysis. The goal is to reveal the formation mechanism of debris flow in different vertical zones and the hazardous process. Then we propose criterions for route selection and planning of engineering structures, so as to provide a scientific foundation for the construction of the highway.
扎墨公路处于西藏东南边陲,是我国最后修通的一条连接县城的公路。50年来该公路屡修不通的主要原因是线路南段从4300米寒带的多热拉山口,向南下降到高710米准热带的雅鲁藏布江畔,导致一年四季冰雪、滑坡、泥石流和洪水等灾害轮翻肆虐。其中泥石流为主要灾种,不仅分布广、频率高、规模大,同时受8个山地垂直带的影响,类型齐全、性质复杂、成灾方式多变,加之在公路老线选线和确定通过工程时经验不足,不够合理,加剧了公路受毁。本项研究通过对泥石流的全线普查、典型沟勘测、重点沟现场观测等方法,探明公路沿线8个垂直带的带谱、特点及其对泥石流形成条件的影响;揭示不同垂直带的泥石流形成机理;把握不同垂直带的泥石流成灾规律;提出减轻和防御不同垂直带泥石流危害的准则,包括选线、通过工程确定和防护工程布设的准则。为扎墨公路在泥石流活动区的安全运行提供科学依据和技术支撑;同时也为发展高山地区泥石流的理论体系作出贡献。