长江源头沱沱河流域径流形成机制研究

冰川水文 冻土水文 冻融过程 同位素水文学 过程观测
姚治君 2014-01 项目
The Tuotuohe River basin, which locates at the source region of Yangtze River, is selected as the study area in this project. Based on observation, stable isotope and remote sensing technology, runoff generation mechanism at the glaciers, frozen soil and snow cover region is analyzed. The contribution of glacier melting runoff to total runoff at basin scale is quantified by stable isotope runoff seperation method. The mechanism for impacts of air temperature and glacier area on glacier melting runoff is analyzed based on air temperature and glacier area datasets obtained from observation and remote sensing interpretation. Based on observed soil temperature, soil water content and field water capacity datasets, the process of frozen soil frozing and thawing is analyzed. Besides that, the releasing water from frozen soil is calculated for analysing their effects on runoff. The spatial distribution of snow cover at the study area is analyzed by remote sensing snow cover products data. Considering observed precipitation, air temperature and soil temperature in the same periods,snow water equivalent is estimated for their effects on runoff. The spatial and temperal distributions of glacier, frozen soil and snow cover at the Tuotuohe River basin are analyzed, and based on the Degree-day factor model, runoff generation mechanisms affect by glacier, frozen soil and snow cover at basin scale are analyzed. This study could contribute to the study of understanding the regional hydrology processes at glaciers and frozen soil effect region, and also be meaningful to the theory research of the basin water cycle under the changing environments.
以长江源区沱沱河流域为研究区,立足于野外观测,并借助同位素及遥感技术,系统开展冰川、冻土和积雪综合作用区的径流形成机制研究。利用稳定同位素径流分割,量化流域内冰川融水径流对总径流的贡献率,结合野外观测的气温数据和遥感解译的冰川面积数据,研究气温与冰川面积对冰川融水径流的影响机制;基于野外观测的土壤温度、土壤含水量及土壤田间持水量等数据,分析冻土的冻、融过程,估算研究区冻土的释放水量,并分析其对径流的影响;利用遥感积雪覆盖产品数据,分析研究区积雪覆盖的空间分布特征,结合野外观测的同期降水量、气温、土壤温度等数据,估算积雪的雪水当量,研究其对径流的影响;分析沱沱河流域冰川、冻土与积雪时、空分布特征,借助度日因子模型,综合研究各因素综合影响下的流域径流形成机制。本研究有助于深入对冰川、冻土作用区域水文过程的了解,对于变化环境下流域水循环的理论研究也具有重要价值。