土壤蒸发的内部过程机制与水汽运动模拟研究

土壤水蒸发 土壤水运动模拟 模型模拟 染色示踪
陆森 2014-01 项目
Soil evaporation is an important component of land water circle. In general, it is controlled by the soil properties and climate conditions. Usually most researches of soil evaporation focus on the evaporation calculation methods, the impacts of irrigation and management on soil evaporation, and the ratio of evaporation in evapotranspiration. The interior vapor transport beneath the soil surface in the soil evaporation process is ignored. In this work, we propose that the vapor transfer in the unsaturated soil under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions should be studied based on the enhanced diffusion theory of vapor. An enhancement factor model under water content gradient at isothermal condition will be developed. Combining it to the enhancement factor model under temperature gradient, the total soil water vapor transport model was established. It is capable of describing the vapor transport process and evaporations at different soil layers under transient conditions. During the experiment, the heat pulse technique and blue dye tracing will be used. From the dynamic monitoring of primary drying front, secondary drying front and dry surface layer, the interior dynamic process of soil evaporation will be illustrated. Both laboratory and field experiments will be conducted to study soil evaporation and vapor transport. Our measurements and models are useful in understanding the water vapor and liquid water dynamics in the soil evaporation process, and can improve the current models of coupled heat and water transport in the soil.
土壤蒸发是陆地水循环的重要组成部分,主要受土壤特性和大气条件共同控制。传统的土壤蒸发研究大部分关注于蒸发量计算、灌溉等管理措施对蒸发的影响、蒸发在蒸散中的比例等,很少考虑蒸发土体内部的水汽运移过程。本项目拟从土壤水汽运移研究入手,通过深入探讨等温及非等温条件下水汽在非饱和土壤中的促进扩散机理,建立等温水汽运移促进因子模型。在此基础上,将温度梯度下的水汽运移过程引入模型,发展得到土壤总水汽运移模型,实现蒸发条件下的土壤内部分层蒸发量及水汽运移过程模拟。研究将综合运用热脉冲示踪和染色示踪技术,通过对蒸发过程中初级干燥锋、次级干燥锋、干土层的动态监测,揭示蒸发条件下土体内部真实的水汽过程。研究结果有助于深入认识蒸发土壤内部的水汽和液态水动态,并为改进土壤水热耦合运动理论提供了一个新方法。