西北旱区生态经济效益统一度量的水资源合理配置研究

生态效益 生态需水 水资源转化 水资源合理配置
粟晓玲 2009-01 项目
【英文摘要】In order to realize the ecosystem restoring and water resources sustainable utilization, the Shiyang River Basin in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province with serious ecology and water question is selected as the study area. The main researchs list as follow. (1) Associated with a questionnaire survey, the contingent valuation method(CVM) was used to evaluate the willingness to pay(WTP) the value of restoring ecosystem services through agricultural water saving. The Liner relations between WTP and income per capita, WTP and mean annual precipitation were established. (2) The method of regional econogical water requirement(EWR) of vegetation based on GIS and RS was provided. The annual variation of EWR for different vegetation consideration modification coefficient of soil water under the typical hydrologic years were analyed. The spatial distribution of EWR were established. (3) A multi-objective optimal allocation model of water resources usufruct is established which include efficient and equitable objective. (4) A model of reasonable allocation of water resources based on the water transfermation simulation was established .(5) based on the benefit of ecological water use and economic water use valued together, a model of water resouces optimal allocation was established. (6) A method for calculating the benefit of ecological water demand based on the evaluation of dynamic ecological value is suggested and the reasonable water resources deployment model based on the principle of integrated valuation of ecological benefit and economic benefit for inland river basin is established. The optimal water resources allocation results were obtained. The research will provide scientific basis for the local water resources planning and ecological water right. So it has remarkable scientific significance and application value.
【中文摘要】以实现流域生态修复及水资源持续利用为目标,以水资源和生态问题最严重的甘肃河西走廊石羊河流域为例,开展了以下研究:(1)应用条件价值法,对农业节水的生态价值的支付意愿进行问卷调查,获得了农业节水的生态价值,建立了生态价值支付意愿与人均收入和支付意愿与年均降水之间的线性关系;(2)提出了基于GIS和RS的区域植被生态需水评估方法,研究了不同水文年型考虑土壤含水量修正系数和植被类型的生态需水年内变化过程,建立了植被生态需水的空间分布模型,获得石羊河流域不同水文年型的生态需水与生态补水量;(3)建立了以高效用水和公平用水为目标的水资源使用权多目标分配模型,获得了流域水权初始分配方案;(4)把水循环转化过程和水资源的合理配置有机结合,建立了内陆河流域基于天然人工二元水资源转化模拟的水资源合理配置模型;(5)提出了生态效益分摊系数,建立了石羊河流域基于生态经济效益统一度量的水资源合理配置模型,获得了配置方案;(6)建立了基于高效利用的农业种植结构及灌溉制度优化模型。研究结果可为石羊河流域水资源规划、生态水权立法提供科学依据,具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。