【英文摘要】The center area of China is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. There appeared the neolithic culture which belongs to the early stage since 8000aBP. During the continuous cultural evolution of the pre-peiligang, the peiligang, the yangshao and the longshan culture, the civilization elements accumulated, finally the xia dynasty was built around 4000aBP and the human took the lead into civilized society. Among the four civilized ancient countries, the central China is the only one where the civilization process was not interrupted. Besides the self-factor of human society, the environmental factor played an important role in the civilization process. Our research shows that: 1. The Chinese civilization belongs to agricultural civilization, whose foundation is agricultural economy. Suitable geographical environment promoted the origin and progress of the prehistrical agriculture in central China, which made a solid foundation for the birth of Chinese civilization； 2. Because of the various geographical environments, in China different areas have different economic forms. As the main economic form in the center area of China, the millet agriculrure，which had low requirements on environment and technology, was the key guarantee for the continuous development of the civilization process；3. The evolution of neolithic culture was synchronous with the change of holocene climate, for which the reason might be the adaptability of human society；4. The abrupt climate changes had great influcences on the civilization process in central China- - the 5000aBP event impelled the quantitative change of civilization process, the 4000aBP event led to the qualitative change of civilization.