【英文摘要】Systematically gathered are records of volcano eruption from Chinese historical literature in the past 2000 years, including direct observations of falling ashes and indirect records of the ash curtain effects inferred from resulting extraordinary light phenomena, e.g., dawn and night twilight, as well as change in sky, sun and moon color, whereupon constructed is a chronological table of volcano eruption events in history of the country. As examples, the 1640 and 1883 records are used to illustrate the relation between the abnormal light events and major eruptions, holding that such records can be employed as the indirect evidence of eruptive ash impacts. We have selected from the historical records of China the doubtful events of volcano eruption from 141 BC to 1335 AD as the indirect evidence that can be used as the supplement and dating correction of the early records of the "Chronological Table of Volcano Events Worldwide". Study is made of the effects of the eruption at different latitudes during this period upon the patterns of flood/drought occurrence by singling out 847 events at VEI ≥ 3 distributed at three latitude zones of the hemispheres and for 6 regions of eastern China the series of yearly dryness and wetness indices are analyzed in conjunction with the eruptions in 1000-1500 AD, with the result that during the year of eruption at northern extratropics, drought is likely to occur in the north of China, and thus the reproduced anomalies of precipitation at 10×10 mesh scale for 1501-2000 in eastern China are separated into dryness and wetness types on an annual basis, which are investigated in combination with the eruptions, giving the statistical relations of eruptions intensity (VEI≥ 5, 4, 3), the time (the first or second half of the year) and the latitude belt, to the flood/drought patterns in the same, next year and the year after.